Active clinical trials for "Smoke Inhalation Injury"

This study aims to examine the value of nebulized heparin for prevention of acute lung injury in adult patients suffering smoke inhalation injury. Patients will be randomized to receive nebulized heparin or an equal volume of normal saline for 14 days and the incidence of acute lung injury will be compared in either group.

This study compares the health effects of dermal and inhalational exposure to thirdhand cigarette smoke to those of inhalational exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke in healthy, adult nonsmokers. Our hypothesis is that dermal exposure increases exposure to the tobacco specific carcinogen, NNK and may affect both endothelial function and epidermal integrity.

Many children have accidents, some are very serious and they are a major cause of death in children aged 1-4 years. Many accidents are preventable This study aims to find out the best way to help Children's Centres to provide home safety information about preventing fires to parents and carers of young children. 36 Children's Centres in four study centres, Nottingham, Bristol, Norwich and Newcastle will be recruited to the study. 30 families will be recruited from each Children's Centre. Children's Centres serving the most deprived populations will be eligible to take part. Families will be eligible to take part if they have attended a participating Children's Centre in the previous three months, have parents who are 16 years or older, have a child under three years old and live within the catchment area of that Children's Centre. When 30 families have been recruited that Centre will be allocated, at random, to one of three groups. Children's Centres in group one will be provided with guidance about preventing fire-related injuries (an Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB))and help and support to implement the IPB, the second group will be sent the IPB and the third group will not be provided with the IPB ('usual care'). Children's Centres will devise their own programmes of safety advice for parents based on the IPB. At recruitment and 12 months later, families and Children's Centres will complete questionnaires about fire safety practices. Children's Centres will also complete a paper-based tool about the implementation process at 12 months. Information about barriers and facilitators to implementing the IPB will be collected through interviews with Children's Centre staff. The study will run from May 2011 to March 2014.

Fire smoke inhalation may contribute to intrabronchial inflammation, airway obstruction and impaired gas exchange. In this study the investigators will examine if the scope of inhalation injury can be assessed soon after hospital admission based on clinical markers, biochemical markers, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), spirometry and bronchoscopy. At 6 months a lung function test and metacholine test will be performed to examine whether patients have developed increased bronchial hyperreactivity (asthma) or not after the initial fire smoke exposure.

Specific Aim 1 is to test the hypothesis that there are specific characteristics of a voice smoke alarm (i.e., use of child's first name, behavior commands in the message content, use of mother's voice, and stimulus frequency) that will awaken children 5-12 years old in stage 4 sleep. The successful children's alarm will be tested among adult subjects to evaluate effectiveness across the age spectrum. Specific Aim 2 is to test the hypothesis that there are specific characteristics of a voice smoke alarm (i.e., use of mother's voice and behavior commands in the message content) that will result in successful completion of simulated escape behaviors by children 5-12 years old after awakening from stage 4 sleep. The successful children's alarm will be tested among adult subjects to evaluate effectiveness across the age spectrum.

Particulate matter exposure during smoke inhalation provokes inflammatory immune responses in people exposed to burning biomass including fire fighters and civilians. Persistent occupational exposure to particulate matter represents a unique hazard for firefighters, underpinning a burgeoning research area. This trial will evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruption on the inflammatory response to woodsmoke associated particulate matter exposure. Participants will undergo 2 experimental trials in a randomized cross-over design. Participants will have either an 8-hour sleep opportunity or a 4-hour sleep opportunity prior to reporting to lab for a 45 minute simulated firefighting trial (wood smoke associated particulate matter filtered to 2.5 um at a concentration of 250 ug/m^3, while exercising at a moderate intensity). The effects of sleep restriction and simulated firefighting will be measured.

In Europe, hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit) has been used for suspicion of cyanide intoxication associated with the inhalation of fire smoke (1). However, the impact of hydroxocobalamin on outcome has never been thoroughly evaluated. While hydroxocobalamin has long been presented as being side-effect free, recent data suggest that in patients with severe burns, its use was associated with the occurrence of acute renal failure by intra tubular precipitation of oxalate crystals (2, 3). The purpose of this observational study is to investigate the association between use of hydroxocobalamin and outcome after smoke inhalation.

Since decades, literature has shown that smoking has negative effect on postoperative outcome. Recent systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical impact of smoking and smoking cessation showed that postoperative healing complications occur more often in smokers compared with nonsmokers. The use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is spreading through the world. Despite this fact, the health risk assessment studies on e-cigarette are limited and scientific evidences are inconsistent. This prospective multicenter study aimed at assessing the use of e-cigarette whether patient undergoing elective surgery. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of e-cigarette consumer in perioperative period. Secondary objectives were to analyze when patients consume e-cigarette in regard of surgery, how many dose they consume and if they also consume nicotine cigarette.

Cyanide poisoning is commonly viewed as a rare but dramatic event, occurring in industrial or laboratory settings as the result of accidental releases of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas (e.g. in the case of fire) or salts in the case of suicide attempts. In fact, cyanide poisoning is considerably more common than is generally appreciated. Multiple clinical and post-mortal studies have demonstrated that HCN contributes to the toxicity of fire smoke. Cyanide acts primarily through its strong affinity for the iron-containing heme moiety, binding to numerous critical enzyme systems in the body and rendering them inactive. Of late, increasing attention has been paid to the relationship of cyanide and nitric oxide. The interactions appear to be complex, with cyanide inducing nitric oxide production by binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, as well as binding to nitric oxide synthase. The latter may be overcome by the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Probably, the majority of the cyanide poisoning cases are due to smoke inhalation in closed-space fires. So far, there are no clear data available on the prevalence of cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation. This information would be of great interest for all emergency physicians since a proven or supposed cyanide poisoning does not only requires an intensive supportive care, including the administration of supplemental oxygen and artificial ventilation, blood pressure support, and anticonvulsants, but also a rapid administration of a cyanide antidote. Therefore, it is the goal of this survey to assess the prevalence of cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation victims. Only the data of patients with a cyanide measurement before specific antidote treatment will be included

Almost everyone is aware these days is aware about the risk of smoking. Still many people start this habit specially in early life and during college year. We aim to investigate in this study if there is a drive to smoke in people with vasovagal tendency to improve their symptoms, even if not aware of this. Vasovoagal symptoms are common and include dizziness, smoking, sweating, abdominal pain, fatigue and syncope. Some studies have shown correlation between smoking and a positive tilt table test which is indicative of vasovagal tendency. By collecting the information regarding smoking habit and vasovagal symptoms analysis can be done to see if there is correlation between these two factors