Active clinical trials for "Constriction, Pathologic"

Multicentre prospective registry including consecutive patients undergoing Percutaneous Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (PEVAR), Percutaneous Endovascular Thoracic Aneurysm Repair (PTEVAR) or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) in which variables related to the percutaneous access closure for implanting devices at aorta level will be collected and analyzed. The follow-up period will be 30 days after the procedure. The duration of the recruitment period will be one year. All data will be collected telematically and incorporated into a database for subsequent statistical analysis. There will be 2 points for data interim analysis at 6 and 12 months after initiation of the study.

When aortic valve-area is <1.0cm2 and transvalvular mean-gradient is >40mmHg, the diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis (AS) is straightforward. However, some patients present with an apparently reduced valve-area, despite transvalvular-gradient <40mmHg; Low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (LFLG AS). When a patient with LFLG AS also presents with LVEF <50%, guidelines recommends performing a Low-Dose Dobutamine-echocardiography (LDDE) to confirm true-severe AS. However, nearly 30% of patients with LFLG AS do not show an adequate respond to Dobutamine. More commonly, patients present with the combination of LFLG AS, despite LVEF≥50%. In this group of patients the use of LDDE remains undisclosed. The purpose of this study is to examine the safety and diagnostic usefulness of LDDE in patients with LFLG AS with LVEF≥50%. Furthermore we will examine factors associated with inadequate response to LDDE. 150 symptomatic and/or asymptomatic patients with LFLG and LVEF≥50% and a control group with LVEF<50% will be enrolled at the Department of Cardiology, OUH. Patients will undergo clinical evaluation including LDDE, blood analyses, CT-scan and cardiac Mri. Only a limited number of studies examine the possible use of LDDE in patients with LFLG AS and LVEF≥50% and no study has been performed documenting the safety and feasibility.

This is a pilot study to assess the utility of the automatic stenosis index quantification using 3D Slicer software (Computer-based Quantification). We will recruit three physicians to perform a similar analysis using video images of the same bronchoscopes images (Human-based Quantification). This study relates to the latter data collection.

Benign biliary strictures can be endoscopically treated with plastic or self-expandable metal stents (SEMS). The purpose of the prospective randomized study is to compare the safety and feasibility of covered SEMS with multiple plastic stents in the treatment of benign biliary stricture caused by chronic pancreatitis.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is AS is caused by calcium deposits in the aortic valve. Calcification is progressive and eventually leads to reduced leaflet motion with obstruction of the left ventricular outflow. The only treatment is surgery. There are evidences that AS is a regulated process with similarities to atherosclerosis but determinants of AS progression are unknown. The study aims at evaluating these determinants and more specifically the role of lipids, inflammation and platelet aggregation.

A prospective, multicentric cohort study including 166 patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). - The main objective is to determine whether the high residual platelet reactivity rates in patients undergoing TAVI is associated with the occurrence of clinical and / or subclinical prosthetic valve thrombosis measured by echocardiography and multi-slice computerized tomography

The management of hilar biliary strictures remains difficult. These strictures are classified in 4 types (I,II,III and IV). In palliative cases, an endoscopic drainage should be performed in types I and II while a percutaneous drainage is performed in type IV. There is controversy as to whether partial or complete liver drainage should be done. Furthermore there are no standards for drainage types (metallic stents, plastic stents). Morbidity remains high and a multistage procedure can be required. This study aims at evaluating the clinical practices in the investigators' center in order to determine the key factors that contribute to the drainage success or failure.

Regional absolute myocardial blood flow during stress (sMBF) as measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) improves post mechanical revascularization provided there is a baseline stress induced perfusion defect. Coronary revascularization performed on regions without a stress induced perfusion defect does not increase the sMBF.

describe the functional evolution of patients at more than 10 years post intervention. describe the evolution of pain, satisfaction, quality of life of patients to more than 5 years pot intervention.

Introduction and aims: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the gold standard for the treatment of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). AS causes left ventricular remodeling as well as left atrial enlargement, pulmonary artery and right ventricular changes, these changes, and whether they are reversible (reverse remodeling) are major determinants of outcome after TAVR. Heart Failure (HF) is the most frequent cause of cardiac re-hospitalization after TAVR. Most HF exacerbations are related to a progressive rise in cardiac filling pressures that precipitates pulmonary congestion and symptomatic decompensation. Traditionally, pulmonary congestion has been assessed by physical examination and chest radiography but clinical signs and symptoms of congestion are poor surrogates for ventricular filling pressures and are not reliable predictors of imminent hospitalization. Recently, lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been identified as a sensitive and semi-quantitative tool for the assessment of pulmonary congestion in HF. The technique is based on the detection of vertical echogenic artifacts arising from the pleural line, named "B-lines". The number of B-lines is associated with increased risk of adverse events during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. CLUSTER-HF Trial demonstrated that the routine incorporation of LUS during clinical follow-up of patients with recent acute decompensated HF without a surgically correctable cause, was associated with a risk reduction of adverse HF events, mainly urgent HF visits. Thus, LUS could represent a promising tool to detect pulmonary congestion related to AS. To date, there are no studies on the role of LUS in the context of AS and TAVR. The study hypothesis is that in patients with higher number of B-lines before-TAVR and after TAVR, the rate of adverse events during follow-up is higher. Study design: This is a single center prospective study carried out at Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma and involving patients with severe aortic stenosis submitted to TAVR treatment. The expected recruitment period is approximately one year For patients fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria, all data about clinical status leading to TAVR, exams and any specific documentation during hospitalization will be collected. Number of patients: For the primary end-point, a sample-size of 91 is computed using the one-sample chi-square test and assuming a proportion of LUS-evaluated pulmonary congested patients before TAVR of 50% and a proportion of 35% of LUS-evaluated pulmonary congested patients after TAVR. To accommodate for possible missing investigations, sample size will be increased to 105 patients. The secondary end-point is the association between pre-TAVR and post-TAVR B-lines and long-term outcomes. Based on previous studies, the investigators know that the incidence of rehospitalization for heart failure during one-year after TAVR is 14% and that patients suffering from heart failure without LUS-evaluated pulmonary congestion are at very low risk of heart failure rehospitalization during follow-up. So, for sample size calculation of the secondary endpoint, the investigators estimated a cumulative incidence higher in the LUS- evaluated pulmonary congestion group with more than 16 B-lines on all scanning sites (30% of events during 1-year of follow-up) with a lower incidence of 8% in the remaining patients. With an HR of 5 favoring patients wit less than 15 B-Lines on all scanning, and aiming to a 2-sided alpha level of 0.05 and a power of 80% the investigators estimated 144 patients. To accommodate for possible missing investigations, sample size will be increased to 150 patients. In-hospital study schedule: For each patient, the investigators will obtain from our general hospital database the following clinical data: Demographic and clinical data documentation; Clinical examination: before TAVR, before discharge and when adverse events occur; Blood analysis; TAVR procedural characteristics and complications. Instrumental diagnostic exams (Echocardiography and lung ultrasound): Each patient will be evaluated before and after TAVR with a comprehensive echocardiogram and LUS for the evaluation of the pulmonary congestion. All the evaluations will be performed the day before TAVR and after TAVR. In consideration of the operator's dependence on ultrasound methods to reduce the error rate, all examinations will be performed by qualified personnel. Clinical follow up assessment: Clinical follow up information will be obtained from: visits, review of the patient's hospital record, personal communication with the patient's physician and review of the patient's chart, a telephone interview with the patient conducted by trained medical personnel The following information will be recorded: clinical status assessment, adverse event assessment, record cardiac medications.