Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

The purpose of the study is to asses the potential interactions between intravenous cocaine and doxazosin in cocaine dependent volunteers who are not seeking treatment. The study will evaluate the effects of doxazosin on the cardiovascular and subjective effects of cocaine in a human laboratory study.

This is a 2-year study designed to: (1) adapt and refine an existing cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) intervention to decrease suicidal thoughts and behaviors for use in Substance Use Disorder (SUD) treatment settings, and (2) conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial with 50 patients in treatment for SUDs comparing the CBT intervention to an enhanced control condition. Through this pilot randomized controlled trial, the investigators hope to not only obtain information about the feasibility of implementing these procedures in residential SUD treatment, but to also determine whether this intervention decreases the level of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, hopelessness, and frequency of substance use relative to the control condition.

The purpose of this study is to determinate the effect of a pre-treatment with centrally acting alpha2-receptor agonist clonidine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"). The investigators hypothesize that clonidine will attenuate the subjective and cardiovascular response to MDMA.

Screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for drug use/abuse offers opportunities for early detection, brief intervention/treatment, and substance use treatment referrals for patients in medical settings. Although SBIRT components, particularly screening and brief interventions, have been shown to be effective strategies for addressing alcohol misuse in primary care, data are limited on using all of the components of SBIRT for drug-using patients, particularly in the Emergency Department (ED). Further, because of the often chaotic environment of EDs, many logistical and practical impediments exist for the adoption of the entire SBIRT model in this setting.

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, and researchers are interested in gaining a better understanding of the perceived beneficial effects of nicotine to help improve treatment strategies for nicotine dependence. Understanding the conditions under which nicotine improves attention and cognitive processing may provide more useful information for this research. The ability to pay attention and filter relevant from irrelevant stimuli is central to all aspects of information-processing. Top-down and bottom-up attentional processes illustrate how the brain combines stimuli and goal-directed behaviors. Bottom-up processing is an unconscious response to sensory input; for instance, when the eyes automatically focus on a prominent image in a picture. Top-down processing is a conscious response to drive attention toward specific stimuli; for instance, when a person is asked to focus on a less immediately noticeable image in a picture. Researchers are interested in determining whether nicotine improves cognitive performance by acting on top-down or bottom-up attentional mechanisms. Objectives: - To investigate the effect of nicotine on the top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of attention in cigarette smokers. Eligibility: - Current smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) between 18 and 55 years of age. Design: This study will involve one training session and four experimental sessions. During the training session, participants will receive a sample dose of the nicotine nasal spray used in the study to determine if they can tolerate the effects. For each experimental session, participants will receive one dose of nicotine nasal spray (1 mg, 2 mg, or 3 mg) or placebo spray, followed by blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, performance of an attentional test, and questionnaires to rate participants perception of nicotine effectiveness. Participants may receive different doses at different sessions, and will not be told which dose they will receive at any given point.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether disulfiram might be a safe and effective treatment for cocaine and/or alcohol dependence in patients with HIV disease. This research is designed to characterize the presence or absence of significant drug interactions between disulfiram and HIV medications using standard clinical pharmacology techniques as well as monitor any side effects that might occur when these medications are administered together.

This is a randomized, controlled trial of Positive Choice, an interactive multimedia computer program, to determine whether it can detect and reduce risky behaviors among HIV-positive adults. The behaviors of interest are: unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, illicit drug use, risky alcohol drinking, and failure to disclose HIV status to sex partners. The Positive Choice program is integrated into the routine operations of outpatient HIV clinics, where participating patients complete an in-depth risk assessment (computerized health questionnaire) before a regularly scheduled medical appointment. Participants assigned to the intervention arm receive brief, interactive risk-reduction counseling by an actor-portrayed Video Doctor and an educational worksheet. Their health care provider receives as summary cueing sheet, alerting them to the patient's risky behavior and readiness to change. Control participants complete the computerized risk assessment and receive the clinic's usual care. Three months after a baseline visit, intervention and control group patients are invited back to complete an additional risk assessment. The intervention group also receives a "booster" intervention. Six months after baseline, both groups complete a final risk assessment.

Specific Aims: This study aims to assess the acceptability of asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) and synchronous (STP) in rural Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) population, in a 12-month randomized controlled trial. ATP relies on video recording of a psychiatric interview, where the video is later reviewed by a psychiatrist to make a psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendation to the primary treatment team. STP is real-time, face-to-face psychiatric assessment using video conferencing to come up with a psychiatric recommendation. People residing in SNFs generally rely on primary and consultant physicians to visit them and rarely have outpatient psychiatrist follow-up. SNFs offer more services than what is available to primary care office, and include 24- hours skilled nursing services, physical therapy, nutritional consultation, occupational therapy, social services, wound care, and psychiatric consultation when available. SNF residents are unable to live independently due to their multiple medical comorbidities and are therefore more medically ill than patients who are typically seen in primary care settings. The present study aims to demonstrate feasibility and to collect pilot data in SNFs. This study is funded by the UC Davis Behavior Health Center of Excellence grant via the California Mental Health Services Act (Prop 63). In a larger, future study, the investigators intend to demonstrate that ATP will be no different than STP in clinical outcomes but will be more accessible and cost effective.

To determine the effect of an integrated care protocol on antiviral treatment and sustained virologic response (SVR) rates following initiation of direct acting antiviral therapies (DAA) treatments in 2011.

The study herein seeks to determine whether students undergoing InSciEd Out curriculum in mental health and addiction (called My Mind, My Body) experience changes in their mental health-related knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking behavioral intentions. The research group hypothesizes that students undergoing InSciEd Out mental health and addiction curriculum will exhibit pre-post increases in mental health literacy, decreases in mental health stigmatization, and increases in mental health help-seeking behavioral intentions.