Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

This descriptive and declarative study will help to find out consumption rates, all psychoactive substances taken together, among 18-25 year olds. More specifically, it will allow assessment of the extent of the cognitive enhancement phenomenon among students in France (including study of misuse of methylphenidate (MPH) and modafinil in improvement of cognitive performance).

Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of death and serious injury among college students, and students also experience significant harms from other types of substance misuse and risk behaviors. The proposed project is a randomized controlled trials that will test the protective effects of Letting Go and Staying Connected, a handbook for parents of students who are transitioning for the first time from home to college, the time when students are at greatest risk. The handbook encourages parent skill development and good management of their student's new independence, providing a clear framework to guide them in parenting at this stage. Targeted outcomes include reduction of substance use and risk behaviors. The primary hypothesis is that students who are in one of the two handbook conditions with their parents will report lower substance use and risk behaviors in the two years after college entry.

The purposes of this study are to complete the development of a video-enhanced, school-based drug prevention program for rural Hawaiian youth (Ho'ouna Pono) using community-based participatory research principles and practices, and to test the efficacy and adoption of the full intervention across all middle/intermediate schools on Hawai'i Island. These purposes will be accomplished through three specific aims. AIM 1 (Year 1) is to complete the Ho'ouna Pono drug prevention curriculum initially developed and validated in a NIDA-funded pilot/feasibility study (R34 DA031306). To date, five professionally filmed video vignettes depicting drug-related problem situations specific to rural Hawaiian youth and seven interactive classroom lessons have been created, implemented in randomly selected intervention schools, and preliminarily evaluated using a pre-test, post-test control group design. Aim 1 enhances and builds upon this work by producing two new video vignettes, re-editing a "Behind the Scenes" video, developing new classroom curricular components, and synthesizing the new content with the existing curriculum. AIM 2 (Years 2-3) is to evaluate the fully conceived curriculum across all middle/intermediate schools on Hawai'i Island (N = 15) using a dynamic wait-listed control group design (Brown, Wyman, Guo, & Peña, 2006). Using this design, schools will be randomly assigned to four cohorts, and cohorts will be randomly assigned to receive the curriculum at designated times staggered across the two-year evaluation period. All participating youth will be measured at six designated time points across the two-year evaluation period. Because of the staggered implementation of the curriculum, intervention effects will differ by cohort, and earlier time points will include control schools for the initial cohorts receiving the intervention. All participating youth will receive pre-tests prior to curriculum implementation and post-tests upon curriculum completion, with youth attending schools in Cohorts 1-3 receiving follow-up evaluations. AIM 3 (Year 4) is to assess community, systemic, and curricular factors related to the implementation, adoption, and sustainability of the curriculum within public middle/intermediate schools on Hawai'i Island. The present study is the result of seven consecutive years of NIDA-funded pre-prevention and translational pilot/feasibility drug prevention research focused on rural Hawaiian youth and communities. The overall outcome of this study will be an empirically supported, culturally grounded drug prevention curriculum relevant to Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander youth. This study addresses the lack of prevention interventions for Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) and indigenous youth populations, and directly contributes to the development of an indigenous prevention science (Okamoto, Helm, et al., 2014). It has implications for informing indigenous, Pacific Islander, and rural health disparities and health equity promotion.

The Norwegian Social and Welfare Act of 1992, opened for compulsory commitment of patients with serious alcohol and drug problems to inpatient care. Clinical research of compulsory committed dual diagnosed patients is to date unavailable and is demanded by the health authorities of Norway. Because there has been limited examination/screening and no post-treatment research efforts on this group of patients, the investigators have limited knowledge of the treatment as well as the patient group. Do compulsory treated patients differ from those voluntarily admitted? Does this type of treatment influence the patients' motivation to change their behaviour, and does the treatment effort lead to positive outcome effects in the long run? The primary aim is to acquire new and in depth descriptive knowledge about the compulsory treated group of patients according to: Drug dependence, psychiatric and somatic co-morbidity and socio-demographic characteristics, and investigate whether the treatment yields the intended outcomes in terms of improved substance abuse measures. A second aim is to compare the group with a corresponding group of voluntarily admitted patients within the same wards. A follow-up interview focusing on motivational issues within 6 months post treatment to evaluate the long-term results of the treatment is planned. A quasi-experimental, prospective case-control study will be conducted. Compulsory committed patients in five counties during a two year period, will be compared to a group of voluntarily admitted patients. The groups will be compared regarding 1) description and screening 2) motivation to change and 3) outcome results after 6 months. Both official authorities as well as clinical practitioners would benefit from valid Norwegian results and knowledge within this field to form further policies and evidence based best practice for this vulnerable group of patients.

Background: - Relapse following cigarette abstinence remains a common problem for smokers who are attempting to quit. Most research has focused on the acute withdrawal phase that occurs within the first 48 hours to 1 week after quitting; however, more information is needed on the experiences of smokers in longer durations of abstinence. Objectives: To study the effects of long-term smoking abstinence. To study the effects of cigarette-related cues on craving in longer periods of smoking abstinence. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who are current smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day) and who want to quit but are not currently attempting to quit. Design: Participants will be randomly assigned to abstain from all nicotine use for 7, 14, or 35 days. A fourth group of participants will also abstain for 35 days, but will undergo more testing sessions than the other groups. All participants will have an initial orientation session in which they will complete questionnaires about their smoking habits and will respond to smoking-related cues to provide information about their cravings. Participants will visit the clinic daily during their abstinence period, and provide urine and breath samples to test for tobacco use. Participants will receive compensation for every day that they do not use tobacco. On the end day of the abstinence period, participants will return to the clinic, provide urine and breath samples, and undergo testing of their responses to smoking-related cues. Participants in the fourth group will have these tests on Days 7, 14, and 35 of abstinence; other participants will have the tests only once, at the end of their abstinence period. After the required abstinence period, participants will enter a 5-day step-down period. They will continue to report to the clinic for breath and urine testing, and they will receive payments for abstinence that decrease in value across days. After the step-down period, for the final 12 days of the study, participants will report to the clinic every 3 days to give urine and breath samples and to report the number of cigarettes smoked.

Background: - Cocaine affects the brain's ability to process information. However, different people respond to cocaine in different ways, and differences in brain structure and function may affect how cocaine alters brain activity. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor brain activity during tasks that provide simple rewards, researchers hope to better understand how the brain responds to rewards and how this response is affected by drugs like cocaine. Objectives: To determine the effect of cocaine administration on the reward experience in cocaine-dependent individuals. To study genetic and personality factors that may contribute to cocaine dependence. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 45 years of age who either are cocaine-dependent and not seeking treatment or are healthy volunteers. Design: Participants will be asked to avoid consuming alcohol and restrict consumption of caffeine prior to the study. Participants provide urine and breath samples to be tested for chemicals that may interfere with the study. All participants will complete a training session and at least one fMRI scanning session. During the training session, participants will be introduced to the reward tasks and MRI equipment. Healthy volunteers will have a single fMRI session that will involve reward tasks to be completed during the scanning. Rewards will include small amounts of fruit juice and the opportunity to win money. Cocaine-dependent participants will have a training session and three experimental sessions including 1) a mock MRI scan to test cocaine tolerance, 2) one fMRI scan with reward tasks after administration of IV cocaine, and 3) one fMRI scan with reward tasks after administration of IV placebo (saline solution). Rewards will include small amounts of fruit juice and the opportunity to win money. In addition to the scans, participants will provide a blood sample for further study and will answer questionnaires provided by the researchers.

The Screening Protocol is a system devised to evaluate potential research participants for National Institute on Drug Abuse/Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (NIDA/MPRC) studies.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acceptability and safety of switching to Suboxone® (buprenorphine plus naloxone) and the effect of the switch on medication dispensing. Subjects, for whom a therapy with Suboxone® is indicated and planned prior to study enrollment and who are willing to participate, will initiate therapy on Day 1 of the study. The dosage will be adjusted between Day 2 to 7 depending on patient's needs and determined by the treating physicians in accordance with the SmPC of Suboxone®. Data will be collected at baseline, day 1 til 7, the end of weeks 2 and 4 and monthly up to the end of Month 12.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate methods to help people in substance abuse treatment receive better psychiatric care. Patients enrolled in the study will be offered three months of standard psychiatric treatment, which consists of weekly individual counseling and group counseling, as well as regular appointments with a psychiatrist. Patients will be randomly assigned to standard psychiatric care or standard psychiatric care plus voucher incentives. These incentives can be earned by successfully attending all scheduled psychiatric appointments each week. The investigators expect that patients in the voucher condition will attend more psychiatric sessions, which will lead to greater reductions in psychiatric distress.

The purpose of this study is to examine the short and long-term benefits of implementing early regional anesthesia techniques for pain control after a major traumatic injury to one or more extremities during combat in the Iraqi/Afghanistan war, including the effects on acute and chronic pain, quality of life, and mental health.