Active clinical trials for "Substance-Related Disorders"

In this study the investigators will seek to improve their understanding of how positive and negative valence systems, cognition, and arousal/interoception are inter-related in disorders of trauma, mood, substance use, and eating behavior for women involved in a court diversion program in Tulsa, Oklahoma (Women in Recovery). The investigators will recruit 100 individuals and use a wide range of assessment tools, neuroimaging measures, blood and microbiome collections and behavioral tasks to complete the baseline and follow-up study visits. Upon completion, the investigators aim to have robust and reliable dimensional measures that quantify these systems and a set of assessments that should be recommended as a clinical tool to enhance outcome prediction for the clinician and assist in determining who will likely benefit from the diversion program, and to inform future revision or augmentation of the program to increase treatment effectiveness.

Prospective memory is the ability to implement an intention to the future (e.g. remember to take medication, attend a scheduled meeting), and has receive little attention in addiction. The investigators propose that prospective memory plays a critical, yet unrecognized, role in major human behavior change such as that required in addiction treatment. This study will determine the preliminary efficacy of prospective memory training in improving memory and executive functions while reducing illicit drug use in methadone patients. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: an experimental memory training program or one of two comparator memory training programs.

The aim of this study is to determine whether a group format Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) and Self-Directed CRAFT Delivery are more effective than non-intervention in terms of Concerned Significant Others (CSO) well- being and cost- effectiveness.

Background: - The therapeutic alliance between therapist and patient may contribute to favorable outcomes in all types of psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for drug dependence. Oxytocin, a hormone and neurotransmitter, has been shown to increase trust in other people and may reduce stress and improve comfort in social situations by decreasing the sensation of social anxiety. Researchers are interested in determining if oxytocin can improve the outcomes of therapy for drug dependence by strengthening perceived levels of trust between therapist and patient. Objectives: - To determine whether oxytocin enhances the therapeutic alliance and treatment retention for CBT for drug use. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 65 years of age who are healthy volunteers with no history of drug abuse, participants in outpatient or inpatient treatment programs for cocaine use, methadone-dependent participants in a treatment program, or non-treatment-seeking cocaine users. Design: Participants in each treatment arm who comply with the study requirements will be randomly assigned to receive one dose of oxytocin or placebo approximately 1 hour before each weekly CBT session. The outpatient treatment intervention will be 12 weeks of weekly individual CBT. The inpatient treatment intervention will be 6 weeks of twice-weekly individual CBT sessions. Sessions will be audiotaped. Participants and counselors will be told that the sessions are to be taped. During treatment, participants will provide urine and breath samples under staff observation. Participants will also complete questionnaires about mood and mental health, provide other samples as required, and participate in computerized psychological testing as directed by researchers.

This study examines whether isolated doses of d-cycloserine enhance the efficacy of an exposure-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic and treatment refractory substance dependence.

The goal of this study is to assess hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with Zepatier (elbasvir/grazoprevir) in HCV monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV co-infected, HCV treatment-naïve or peginterferon/ribavirin-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1a, without baseline NS5A resistance, 1b, or 4 and substance use in urban, multidisciplinary specialty clinics.

According to the 2015 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS), there has been a significant increase in the number of secondary school youth who use poly-substances. Not all youth have the same risk for problematic substance use. Health literature documents a high level of comorbidity between mental health and substance use, which is exacerbated in homeless youth populations. Therefore, the proposed study will focus on understanding poly-substance use among at-risk homeless school youth. As seen in substance use research and the PROMPT (2016) study (Participatory Research in Ottawa: Management and Point-of-Care for Tobacco Dependence, PI: Dr. Smita Pakhale), reduction and quitting of one substance (tobacco smoking) can lead to the reduction and quitting of other poly-substance use. A Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) approach can help at-risk youth feel safe and comfortable enough to provide personal information about their poly-substance use and engagement with treatment or harm reduction programs. This project will be a first step in increasing health equity among at-risk homeless youth in Downtown Ottawa. The investigators aim to follow a group of at-risk youth to while providing an appropriately modified PROMPT intervention, including peers support and a licensed mental health and substance use nurse.

Prescription of analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic medication for children and adolescents is increasing in Western countries. In recent decades, rates have also increased in Norway, despite a relatively restrictive prescription practice. Analgesics, sedatives, and anxiolytics are among the medications most commonly prescribed to young people by general practitioners and others. Overuse of such medication adversely impacts individual and societal health, social and economic measures. For example, the risk of chronification of pain, development of addiction, and dropout from school and the workforce is high. Epidemiological research has largely failed to integrate vulnerable, young service users' perspectives in planning, interpretation and dissemination of results. This has resulted in limited identification of potential causes for the increasing exposure to prescription and overuse of analgesics and other addictive drugs among of children and adolescents, and the long-term consequences this may have for morbidity and addiction in early adulthood. Knowledge of early risk factors and plausible causal mechanisms is crucial for the development of timely and effective interventions to prevent inappropriate prescriptions in clinical practice. This prospective, longitudinal cohort study examines the use of analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic medication among about 25,000 children throughout adolescence and young adulthood (1995 to 2020), specifically addressing changes in prescription over time, and early risk factors for the prescription of addictive drugs in adolescence and young adulthood and the subsequent development of mental health disorders.

The current study seeks to address questions regarding internet and social media usage as well as telemedicine concept and knowledge, by conducting targeted focus group discussions (FGDs) and administering cross-sectional questionnaires among PWID in Greece. Further parameters, such as perceptions for high-quality healthcare access, confidentiality, privacy, and security, will also be explored.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect on pain intensity (PI) of structured discontinuation of long-term opioid analgesic therapy compared to continuation of opioid therapy in Suboptimal and Optimal Responders to high-dose, long-term opioid analgesic therapy for chronic low back pain (CLBP).