Active clinical trials for "Syndrome"

The purpose of the study is to investigate if patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) who also report bloating are more likely to report clinically important gastrointestinal symptoms after consuming fructose or fructans than after consuming glucose. We will also use MRI imaging to investigate the mechanisms by which those symptoms might be caused. We will also study a parallel group of age and gender frequency matched healthy volunteers to provide descriptive statistics on a likely reference range for the healthy population. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic condition, the main features of which are pain in the abdomen, an erratic bowel habit and sometimes bloating. Recent research has found that certain carbohydrates (sugars) in the diet can cause symptoms such as discomfort, bloating and wind/gas in people with IBS. These sugars are not well digested in the small bowel. They move to the colon (large bowel) where bacteria act on them by fermentation, producing gas. Some of the gas is absorbed and breathed out through the lungs, where we can measure it. The rest is released as flatulence/ wind, or occasionally belching. People without IBS rarely get symptoms after consuming these sugars. We want to find out what is different in IBS sufferers. We will study fructose and fructans, sugars found in fruit, vegetables and wheat. Fructose draws water into the small bowel but fructans do not so we can compare effects on the small bowel and colon. Participants will attend three times, and on each occasion consume a drink containing either fructose, fructans, or glucose - a sugar that does not cause symptoms. Neither they nor the investigators present will know which drink is which. They will record their symptoms over the next 5 hours. We will observe how many report a clinically important increase in symptoms. To look at what is happening in the bowel we will use a technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We want to see if more gas, or water, builds up in people with IBS than in healthy volunteers. We will also measure the amount of hydrogen released in the breath to see if this is could be a simple bedside test that agrees with the MRI findings Finding differences between the response of participants to fructose, fructans and glucose could change the way we advise patients, and could lead to the use of MRI as a test for IBS.

This study is conducted to investigate if vitamin E status in healthy individuals and individuals with metabolic syndrome can be improved by dairy fat. The investigators hypothesize that full-fat dairy will substantially increase the bioavailability of alpha-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E. The results of this study will contribute to the application of dairy fat as a simple and effective strategy for improving vitamin E status, which is partly due to poor vitamin E intake. By completing this study, the investigators anticipate developing new dietary recommendations to achieve adequate vitamin E status through the regular consumption of dairy fat paired with foods containing vitamin E.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a highly prevalent ocular condition inducing an inflammatory response of the ocular surface. Common symptoms include ocular discomfort, visual impairment and instability of the tear film with potential damage to the ocular surface. The rationale of the present study is to compare signs as assessed with new methods such as measurement of tear film thickness, tear film osmolarity and scattering of the tear film with well established methods for assessment of the severity of DES (Break up time, staining of the cornea with fluorescein). Additionally, impression cytology and determination of tear cytokines/chemokines will be performed to obtain information about inflammatory processes on the ocular surface.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on rectal hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

The overall objective is to explore the mechanisms by which macronutrients regulate food intake and weight gain in Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). Previous studies from the investigators' labs suggest that the increased appetite of PWS may be triggered or maintained by an increase in the levels of ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating hormone produced primarily by the stomach. This study will compare the effects of low carbohydrate diet versus low fat diet on levels of ghrelin, appetite suppressing hormones and markers of insulin sensitivity in patients with PWS. The investigators hypothesize that the low carbohydrate diet will suppress plasma active ghrelin and increase appetite-suppressing hormones to a greater degree and for longer duration than the low fat diet and will thereby reduce hyperphagia and increase satiety. The investigators also hypothesize that the low carb diet will improve hormonal and metabolic markers (fatty acids, amino acids and organic acids) of insulin sensitivity and inflammatory cytokine profiles of children with PWS.

This is a study to evaluate how the body handles and metabolizes (PK) the various doses of the drug Tolvaptan, and what the effect (PD) of the various doses of Tolvaptan are on the content of "salt" in blood and urine

This is a Phase 1b, open-label, multiple-dose study of the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of NBI-98854 in a total of 36 pediatric subjects with Tourette syndrome (TS). The study will be conducted in approximately 18 male and female children (6 to 11 years of age) and approximately 18 male and female adolescents (12 to 18 years of age). Both age groups will be divided equally into 3 dosing cohorts with 6 subjects each. Ascending doses will be evaluated as part of a staggered-cohort design. Study drug will be administered in each cohort for 14 consecutive days.

The trial assesses the effect on 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rate of using a quality improvement toolkit among hospitals in Kerala, India. The quality improvement toolkit includes standardized admission and discharge sets, clinical pathways and an audit and feedback program.

The purpose of this trial is to investigate the impact of cortisol on adipose tissue functions, distribution and morphology. Patient with endogenous blood cortisol excess exhibit changes in adipose tissue, with fat gain in the upper trunk, face and neck leading to visceral obesity and features of the metabolic syndrome. The aims of this study will be to compare the pattern of gene expression between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in Cushing patients requiring an adrenalectomy as cortisol adenoma treatment; to compare these patterns of gene expression with those of two control populations:1/ healthy metabolic subjects having a partial nephrectomy, 2/obese patients with similar degree of insulin resistance.

Glypican4, CTRP3, CTRP5 are emerging novel adipokines mediating obesity and inflammation related disorders. RBP4 and adiponectin are well known important adipokines. Therefore, we examine the circulating levels of theses adipokines in the subjects with or without metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we tried to clarify the effect of exercise on the circulating these adipokines.