Active clinical trials for "Thinness"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the molecular differences between a group of Constitutionally Thin (CT) subjects and a group of controls.

The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of the school lunch program and nutrition education towards the change in knowledge, attitude, and behavior on balanced nutrition and clean and healthy lifestyle behavior (CHLB) of adolescents living in an Islamic Boarding School. The secondary objective is to assess the program impact on energy and nutrient intake, nutrition status, hemoglobin concentration, physical fitness and concentrating ability of students. A pre-post quasi experimental design is applied to assess the impact. The intervention includes: 1) provision of nutritious lunch, meeting the nutrient requirements of adolescents for one meal, for 7 days a week, with the total duration of 220 days, 2) provision of nutrition education once a week (3 times delivered by teachers, 1 time delivered by research team) and nutrition education media, 3) capacity building of teachers and food handlers. The duration of the intervention is 1 academic year or 8 active months after the reduction of holidays and examination months.

This repeated measures, cluster randomized, cohort trial design was carried out in three provinces in the northern mountainous area of Vietnam. Communes here were randomly selected for community based interventions with local production complimentary foods and marketing and distribution of fortified complimentary foods.

The study will determine the weight status in primary school children in the Rhein-Neckar Region in Germany and will analyse the development of height and weight in these children during the time of COVID-19 related restrictions by asking parents to provide data from childhood examinations. Additionally, interactions between cognitive abilities and weight-status will be studied.

Background (brief): Burden: Bangladesh has a population of 29.5 million adolescents, which represents nearly one-fifth of the country's total population. Adequate nutrition during this critical age period is key, and is associated with improved health and development of the future adult population, as well as that of their future off-spring bringing potential inter-generational benefits. Yet, adolescents are known to face multiple nutritional challenges related to persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies as well as rapidly rising overweight and obesity due to inadequate and inappropriate nutritional practice. A large percentage of adolescents in Bangladesh consume an inadequate diet in terms of energy content, nutrient density and diversity. To alleviate micronutrient deficiency, Moringa oleifera leaves can be used in their daily diet with a traditional manner. It contains substantial amount of protein & several essential micronutrients for growth. Knowledge gap: Although, adolescence has been identified as a 'second window of opportunity" for correcting nutritional inadequacies and insufficient growth from childhood, however, they face multiple nutritional challenges related to persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in resource poor countries like Bangladesh. Relevance: About 80% of kilocalories per capita per day in Bangladesh are from micronutrient-poor foods, and 70% are from rice alone (75% for rural adolescents). A study on pregnant adolescent women showed that around 60% had low or medium dietary diversity. Among the major food groups, the routine diet of a Bangladeshi adolescent particularly lacks in protein in terms of both animal source like eggs, dairy products and plant source like legumes and nuts. Daily consumption of vitamin A-rich vegetables and fruits (other than dark-green leafy vegetables) are also inadequate. Such inadequate diet is reflected by various health outcomes. The prevalence of low Body Mass Index is 31% among married-adolescents of 15-19 years old. 13% of the adolescents are short in stature. Moringa leaves have a high amount of protein, and vitamins A & C, calcium, iron, potassium and zinc. It is well-known and easily cultivable in Bangladesh with limited resource. The high nutrient content of the leaves make it suitable to bring transformative changes in diet and feeding practices within the purchasing capacity of marginalized people due to its availability and affordability. Our proposed approach will assess the impact of locally available, affordable and culturally accepted Moringa leaves consumption into adolescent's regular diet to improve their nutritional status as a whole. Hypothesis (if any): 150 gm of Sajna shak /bora (Moringa) 5 days/week) will improve haemoglobin and vitamin A status of the adolescent girls after 6 months of consumption. Objectives: The study objectives are as below: 1.1 Primary: To assess the effect of consumption of Sajna shak/bora (Moringa) on haemoglobin and vitamin A status among the adolescent girls after 6 months of consumption 1.2 Secondary: Assess the effect of Sajna shak/bora (Moringa) on adolescent weight gain after 6 months of consumption Methods: This will be a school-based trial. Group I (intervention) will receive 150 gm of Sajna shak/bora (Moringa) added with 25 gm concenstrated dal with 100 gm of rice as mid-morning snack in selected school 5 times a week for 6 months along with nutrition education. Group II (Control) will rice, concenstrated dal and potato vaji. Both groups will recieve calorie matched meal (411 kcal). Baseline and endline survey will be conducted. Blood sample will be collected at the baseline, at end of 3 months and at the endline. Compliance will be measured through on-spot feeding. Data on feeding, morbidity and anthropometry (height and weight) will be collected bi-monthly. Outcome measures/variables: Primary outcomes: Changes in 2 biochemical markers (haemoglobin and vitamin A).

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21st century (Daniels et al., 2009). Mexico has the highest prevalence of obesity, (Secretaría de Salud, 2009); 34.4% of children and 35% of adolescents are overweight or obese (ENSANUT 2012). Obesity has major health consequences for children and adolescents; On the other hand, undernutrition as well has important deleterious consequences on children's health. Anything that disrupts energy balance may cause individuals to be underweight, overweight or obese. Fat has been considered an endocrine organ for some time (Elizondo, 2011). Recently, skeletal muscle has been shown to function as a peripheral endocrine organ by releasing myokines, (Pedersen, 2012). Most recently, a new identified hormone secreted by muscle tissue in mouse, irisin, has been discovered. Irisin acts on white adipose cells in culture and in vivo to stimulate UCP1 expression and a broad program of brown-fat-like development. Irisin was induced with exercise in mice and humans which caused an increase in energy expenditure in mice with no changes in movement or food intake (Boström et al., 2012). Irisin was thus, promptly hypothesized as a hormone influencing body weight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, among other conditions (Sanchis-Gomar et al., 2012). Some studies have indicated that circulating levels of irisin in humans correlate positively with anthropometric parameters such as BMI, fat mass, fat free mass, and are higher in obese patients compared to lean ones (Stengel et al., 2013; Huh et al., 2012; Roca-Rivada et al., 2013; Crujeiras et al., 2014; Pardo, 2014). Studies have shown an association between irisin levels, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (Park et al., 2013; de la Iglesia et al., 2014; Crujeiras et al., 2014; Pardo et al., 2014). However, some others have found a negative correlation with anthropometric parameters, finding lower irisin levels in obese patients (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013). Noteworthy, all these studies have been performed in adults. To date, there are only two studies evaluating irisin levels in children. One found that a 1-year long lifestyle intervention program was associated with an elevation in irisin levels in obese children, although no correlation was found between irisin levels and anthropometric markers (Blüher et al., 2014). The other study investigated normal weight Saudi children and found correlations between circulating irisin and glucose and HDLc, but a negative association with insulin resistance (Al-Daghri et al, 2014). Besides, associations between irisin levels and adiponectin, leptin and resistin in the set of obesity have been explored, the three of them are implicated in the physiopatology of obesity. As there are still conflicting data regarding the association of irisin with anthropometric parameters, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as its 'association with other adiponectines, and most important, there is scarce data of these associations in children, the objective of this study will be to correlate the circulating irisin and adipokines levels across a broad spectrum of body mass index ranging from undernourished to obese as well as with insulin resistance and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in Hispanic children. The sample size with statistical power for this study yielded a sample of 40 children. Frozen stored plasma (-80°C) will be taken from a previous study performed in children which has been published (Elizondo-Montemayor et al., 2014). The samples will be divided into five groups, 8 per group, according to the CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics body mass index percentile classification: 1.) underweight = <3 percentile; 2.) normal weight = >3 - < 85 percentile; 3.) Overweight = >85 - < 95 percentile, and 4.) obese = > 95 percentile. The fifth group will correspond to children with known metabolic syndrome according to the classification specified by Cooks et al (2008). Anthropometric measurements will include BMI, percentile BMI, waist circumference, % body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and triceps skin fold. Biochemical measurements will include glucose, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol (LDL), high-density cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides. Clinical measurements will include blood pressure, physical activity records and dietary habits. All biochemical, anthropometric and clinical measurements were previously performed in a former published study (Elizondo-Montemayor et al., 2014). Irisin, adiponectin and leptin will be measured in plasma media using commercial ELISA kits.

The purpose of this study is to test whether the provision of ONS to malnourished children across Europe, in addition to standard counselling, will improve weight gain and other outcomes. The hypothesis to be tested is: • Supplementation with ONS in malnourished paediatric patients will lead to increased WFH gain, as well as less malnutrition related complications (e.g. infections). Primary outcome • The change in BMI z-score over the intervention period of 3 months Secondary outcomes • The change in WFH-weight for height (z-scores) over the intervention period of 3 months

This is a pilot study of children attending the Glasgow feeding clinic (GFC) which looks after a range of children with severe feeding problems who commonly have low appetite and extreme thinness. The investigators want to find out if these children are more likely to carry genetic markers of thinness.

SchistoVAN aims to study the role of schistosomiasis infection in the modulation of the immune response of children to childhood vaccine antigens, as well as the impact of this infection on their nutritional status and their haemoglobinaemia.

This is a longitudinal cohort study of how the responses to a 3 day period of controlled overfeeding relate to subsequent weight gain. We hypothesize that thin individuals are resistant to weight gain because they respond to periods of overfeeding by increasing fat oxidation, reducing food intake, and increasing physical activity relative to those who gain weight over time.