Active clinical trials for "Thyroid Cancer, Papillary"

The goal of this retrospective study is to compare the safety and efficiacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy via retro-auricular single-site approach, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareola approach.

This research is being done to determine the efficacy of selpercatinib to restore radioactive iodine (I-131) uptake and allow for I-131 treatment in people with RET fusion-positive radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. This research study involves the study drug selpercatinib in combination with standard of care treatments, I-131 and thyrotropin alfa (rhTSH).

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of gasless transaxillary posterior endoscopic thyroidectomy (Resection of thyroid lobe and isthmus, lymph node dissection in the central area of the affected side) and open radical thyroidectomy (Resection of thyroid lobe and isthmus, lymph node dissection in the central area of the affected side) as the current standard surgical treatment mode in terms of feasibility and safety of radical thyroidectomy.

This is an open-label, multi-center Phase 1/2 study of oral LOXO-292 in pediatric participants with an activating rearranged during transfection (RET) alteration and an advanced solid or primary CNS tumor.

Thyroid cancers that have spread beyond the neck are not curable. About 30,000 people worldwide die from thyroid cancer every year. Usually, thyroid cancers get worse because the cancer cells become more and more abnormal through a process that is called dedifferentiation. Radioactive iodine is a standard treatment for this type of thyroid cancer. Patients will usually receive multiple dose of radioactive iodine over the course of their cancer journey. Thyroid cancers lose sensitivity to radioactive iodine as the cancer progresses/worsens with the process of dedifferentiation. When this occurs, the radioactive iodine treatments no longer work against the cancer and the cancer grows. Radioactive iodine enters cancer cells through transporter proteins on the outside of the cancer cell. The transporter proteins that are the most important are the sodium iodide symporters. As thyroid cancers dedifferentiate, these symporters stop working as well as they once did. The radioactive iodine can therefore not get into the cancer cells to cause cancer cell death. Laboratory research has shown that in thyroid cancer, a protein on the cell called platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is an important for tumour growth and thyroid cancer dedifferentiation. PDGFRα helps cancer progression and lowers the ability of sodium iodine symporters to move radioiodine into cells where it would normal act to kill the cancer cells. PDGFRα therefore makes thyroid cells resistant to radioactive iodine. Imatinib is an anti-cancer drug that blocks PDGFRα function. It has been used for many years to treat other cancers such as leukemia. The investigators who wrote this study believe that, base on laboratory testing, if thyroid cancer patients are given imatinib whenafter their cancers have become resistant to radioactive iodine, the imatinib will block PDGFRα. This will let the sodium iodine symporters work again and move the radioactive iodine into the cancer cells. This should shrink the tumours. Imatinib would then make the thyroid cancer cell sensitive to radioactive iodine again. This should shrink the tumours and would mean longer control of the cancer, helping people with this disease live longer.

papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and has a good prognosis. Surgery is the primary treatment for PTC, and occult lymph node metastasis is not uncommon (20%-80%).The lymph node metastasis of PTC is mostly along the lymphatic drainage path station by station, and most of the first metastasis is to the central lymph node. According to the 2015 American Thyroid Association recommendation, prophylactic central lymph node dissection is recommended for patients with primary T3-4 or cN1b without central lymph node involvement. However, PTC with primary site T1-2, no external invasion and cN0 could not be dissected by central lymph node.Previous studies have suggested that prophylactic dissection should be performed to improve disease-specific survival, reduce local recurrence, improve recurrence risk and treatment response assessment, and help RAI decision making. Although routine prophylactic central lymph node dissection may detect occult lymph node metastasis, the need for further dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid gland may lead to an increased incidence of complications, while its effect on reducing the risk of recurrence and improving prognosis is unclear, and the impact on long-term outcomes may be small.Previous retrospective studies in our institution have shown that routine central neck dissection does not significantly reduce the risk of recurrence. This study was designed to evaluate the benefits and risks of prophylactic central lymph node dissection in cT1b-T2N0 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. In order to ameliorate the effects of relapse and long time of death of PTC, thyroglobulin and its antibodies were also evaluated for short-term treatment response after surgery.

This project analyzes the relationship between type 2 deiodinase gene polymorphism and the TSH inhibitory treatment efficacy in thyroid cancer patients with thyroidectomy, and explored the factors influencing TSH inhibitory treatment efficacy. It further explores whether patients with diO2-Thr92ALA genotype or DIO2 Orfa-Gly3ASP genotype should choose T4+T3 treatment, and the effect of different treatment options on the quality life of patients.

Increased fibroblast activation protein expression is positively correlated with the dedifferentiation and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer. Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor therapy, also known as radioligand therapy has become a novel treatment for patients with radioactive iodine refractory thyroid cancer and disease progression after first-line treatment. However, a major problem in the therapeutic use of 177Lu-DOTA-FAPI has been its short half-life and fast rate of clearance. This study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose of a long-lasting radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor 177Lu-DOTA-EB-FAPI in mRAIR-TC patients with PD after TKIs treatment.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and has a good prognosis.According to the 2015 American thyroid association (ATA) guidelines, no gross extrathyroidal extension and the number of pathological lymph node micrometastases (<0.2cm) ≤5 were defined as the low recurrence risk group. After total thyroidectomy and radioiodine treatment, the probability of disease-free status (irritant Tg<1ng/ml, no evidence of other disease recurrence) is about 78%-91%, and the probability of structural recurrence is about 1%-10%. In recent years, due to the further understanding of PTC, surgeons tend to become more conservative in treatment, such as active observation or reducing the extent of surgery. The indication for lobectomy has been extended to tumors <4cm without extrathyroidal extension and clinical lymph node metastasis. For patients treated with lobectomy, current guidelines recommend that Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) be controlled at 0.5-2 mU/L, but evidence on the prognostic benefits of this TSH inhibition range is lacking.In recent years, a number of studies have suggested that if postoperative TSH in low-risk patients after lobectomy is acceptable within the reference range, it means that a considerable number of patients have a high probability of not receiving thyroxine replacement therapy after surgery, which can significantly improve their quality of life.A previous retrospective study from our institute showed no significant association between TSH levels after lobectomy and prognosis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and risks of postoperative TSH levels within the reference range (0.4-5 mU/L) in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid cancer who underwent lobectomy.In order to improve the effect of longer recurrence and death time of PTC, the investigators also performed postoperative thyroglobulin and its antibody for short-term treatment response evaluation.

This is a prospective, multi-centre, open label, stratified, exploratory phase II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of durvalumab plus tremelimumab in different cohorts of patients with thyroid cancers.