Active clinical trials for "Thyroid Neoplasms"

This is a patient pilot study testing the hypothesis that vemurafenib with the addition of KTN3379 can restore iodine incorporation in BRAF mutant (MUT), radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) thyroid cancer patients.

This phase II trial studies how well inolitazone dihydrochloride (efatutazone dihydrochloride) and paclitaxel work in treating patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer that has spread to other places in the body and usually cannot be cured or controlled with treatment (advanced). Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as efatutazone dihydrochloride and paclitaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading.

Postmenopausal women with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) taking suppressive doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) are thought to have accelerated bone loss and increased risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, the investigators try to investigate the effects of 99Tc-MDP,alendronate sodium in postmenopausal women with DTC under TSH suppression and osteoporosis.

This phase II trial studies how well sorafenib tosylate works in treating younger patients with relapsed or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, liver cancer, or thyroid cancer. Sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.

This study is a phase I/II dose escalation trial designed to test the feasibility of delivering IMRT to thyroid, larynx and hypopharynx cancer patients, and to assess the safety and possible improvement in outcome when the dose is increased. This protocol is in fact two studies running in parallel: thyroid cancer patients and larynx/ hypopharynx cancer patients. These two groups of patients are being treated differently and will be analysed separately. The primary objective of this Phase I sequential cohort study was to determine the feasibility of delivering modest acceleration and dose-escalated IMRT in locally advanced high-risk thyroid cancers. We report the incidence and prevalence of acute toxicities of 2 dose fractionation regimens. DL1: primary site 58.8 Gy in 28 daily fractions and nodal levels 50 Gy in 28 daily fractions DL2: primary 66.6 Gy in 30 daily fractions and post operative nodal levels 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions and elective nodal levels 54 Gy in 30 daily fractions

The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of pazopanib treatment interruption with reintroduction at progression in iodine refractory progressive Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) patients as compared to pazopanib continuous administration.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of two anticancer drugs, everolimus and pasireotide, in patients with thyroid cancer when the cancer is no longer responding to treatment with radioiodine or where it is deemed unsafe for the patient to receive additional radioiodine treatment. The investigators also want to establish the best manner of taking the two medications when used together to treat thyroid cancer. In particular, the investigators want to know if it is better to give both at the same time or add a second medication after the first one has stopped working. This study will also look at specific substances called biomarkers in your blood, and in the tumor tissue which are involved in the growth of tumor cells, and determine if the levels of these biomarkers are related to your response to treatment or development of side effects. Everolimus, also known by the brand name, Afinitor, is a biologic drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of kidney cancer. It works by preventing cancer cells from multiplying and it also makes them more likely to die from the treatment. Pasireotide also known by the name, SOM230 is a new medication that is not yet approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer. It is a newer form of a drug called octreotide, which is approved for the treatment of cancer arising from endocrine organs. Pasireotide works by binding to a protein called somatostatin receptor, which is expressed in many tissues throughout the body including thyroid cancer cells. Pasireotide prevents the action of somatostatin by binding to these receptors.

RATIONALE: Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can locate tumor cells and deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Chemotherapy uses different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Peripheral stem cell transplantation may be able to replace immune cells that were destroyed by radioimmunotherapy or chemotherapy used to kill tumor cells. PURPOSE: Phase I/II trial to study the effectiveness of radioimmunotherapy with or without doxorubicin plus peripheral stem cell transplantation in treating patients who have thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer is typically treated with surgery, radiation or a combination of both. Following surgical removal of thyroid tissue patients receive thyroid hormone replacement medication. In addition patients undergo tests to determine the status of the disease. One of the tests conducted is a whole body scan using radioactive iodine to detect and locate any remaining cancerous thyroid tissue. Thyroid tissue uses iodine to make thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). In order for a radioiodine scan to work, cancerous thyroid tissue must be "hungry" for iodine. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced in the pituitary gland is responsible for making thyroid tissue "hungry" for iodine. Once thyroid tissue absorbs the radioactive iodine it will be clearly visible on the scan and can be located for removal. However, thyroid hormone replacement medication tends to lower the activity of the pituitary gland and the amount of naturally produced TSH. So it is necessary to stop thyroid hormone replacement to increase TSH. A problem arises when there is a lack of thyroid hormone replacement causing patients to experience hypothyroidism. This condition is associated with unpleasant physical and emotional symptoms. TSH has been created in a laboratory and called Thyrogen. It is basically the same as the TSH produced in the human pituitary gland. However, Thyrogen increases the level of TSH in the body without having to stop thyroid replacement medication. Therefore patients will not experience hypothyroidism while preparing for a radioactive iodine scan. The objective of this study is to compare the activity of radioiodine (131I) in patients taking Thyrogen with normal thyroid activity versus patients with hypothyroid activity after thyroid replacement medication is withdrawn. In addition the study will provide information on how radioactive iodine is eliminated from the body. The study will help researchers understand how to give Thyrogen and radioiodine for purposes of scanning and therapeutic ablation (the destruction of function) of cancerous thyroid tissue. The study will accept patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer who are preparing for ablation therapy. The patients will be placed in one of two groups. Group one will receive Thyrogen in 2 doses 24 hours apart. Group two will receive Thyrogen in 3 doses 72 hours apart. The patients will undergo two 131I whole body scans: one after Thyrogen while taking thyroid hormone suppressive and the second after withdrawal from thyroid hormone. 131I ablative therapy will be given under hypothyroid conditions at the completion of the study.

This phase II trial studies the side effects and how well pazopanib hydrochloride works in treating patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Pazopanib hydrochloride may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and by stopping blood flow to the tumor.