Active clinical trials for "Thyroid Diseases"

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer, but the mechanism is not clear. The thyroid is the organ with the most abundant selenium content, and selenium may be involved in protecting the gland from the influence of large amounts of H2O2 produced during thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Selenium may exert anti-tumor activity through a variety of mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis and anti-oxidation to change the DNA methylation state of tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle arrest and stimulation of the immune system, as well as playing an anti-tumor role through its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis properties. The whole blood and thyroid selenium concentrations in patients with thyroid cancer were lower, and the decreased serum selenium levels were also associated with the high TNM stage of thyroid cancer. According to the Nutrition Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial, selenium yeast supplements with a daily selenium content of 200 MCG have been shown to reduce the incidence of total cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer, and cancer mortality. The active agent in selenium yeast supplements is known as selenium methionine (SEMET). In general, the association between selenium and thyroid cancer is still inconclusive, the question of whether low selenium is a predisposition factor or a consequence of thyroid cancer has not been resolved, and the clinical effect of selenium supplementation in preventing thyroid cancer or improving its prognosis remains to be studied. The hypothesis is that supplementation with selenium yeast will improve the prognosis of patients with differentiated alpha-carcinoma.

The medical information delivered to the patient before any surgery constitutes an essential and compulsory step during the initial management of the operated patient. There are different reasons for the quantity and quality of medical information retained by the patient. An internet platform with personalized and secure access has been developed. This platform contains, among other things, an explanatory video of thyroid surgery and allows the patient to have access to information on surgical management at any time. The investigators believe that unlimited access for the duration of the study to this platform could reduce the preoperative anxiety level of patients.

This is a prospective, observational, multi-center study examining the long-term outcomes of patients with small, low risk papillary thyroid cancer who offered the choice of active surveillance (close follow-up to monitor for potential disease progression) or immediate surgery.

Primary objective: The 3-years disease-free survival was compared between low-dose group (30 mCi) and high-dose group (100 mCi). Secondary objective: The successful remnant ablation, efficacy, 3-year progression-free survival and safety were compared between low-dose group (30 mCi) and high-dose group (100 mCi). Research Hypothesis：The 3-year disease-free survival of low-dose group (30mci) may not be lower than that of high-dose group (100 mci) in intermediate-risk thyroid papillary carcinoma patients with no structural or functional lesions and stimulated thyroglobulin(ps-Tg)1-20ng/ml. Study design：Single-center, randomized, double-blinded Sample size：254 patients Follow-up：The measurement of serum thyroid function, thyroglobulin/ anti-thyroglobulin antibody(Tg/TgAb) and neck ultrasonography were performed every 3-12 months during the 3 years according to patients' condition, and computerized tomography(CT) scan, positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) and diagnostic whole-body 131I scan were added if necessary. Intervention：Randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 30 mCi (low-dose group) or 100 mCi (high-dose group ) radioiodine for post-thyroidectomy ablation therapy. Evaluation index：Primary evaluation index: The 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary evaluation index: Successful remnant ablation, efficacy, the 3-year progression-free survival and safety.

Full intellectual capabilities are achieved only if crucial nutrients are present during development. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable brain harm in infants. Because of its critical need during pregnancy, several countries implemented programs of iodine supplementation in preconception and pregnancy. In 2013, the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Portugal has led health authorities to issue a recommendation for iodine supplementation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of iodine supplementation on maternal and fetal iodine status and thyroid function, obstetric outcomes, quality of breast milk and child psychomotor development. It also intends to evaluate whether the time of iodine supplementation initiation influences all the above-mentioned parameters. The novelty and relevance of this study reside on the number of women/child and on the extent of health parameters that will be evaluated. The information collected will contribute to the detailed characterization of thyroid hormone homeostasis throughout pregnancy and its relationship with iodine supplementation (including time of initiation). The data will provide evidence on whether this iodine supplementation strategy impacted on iodine sufficiency of the mother and the newborns, or if it needs re-evaluation.

Oxidative stress (OS) could be involved in the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Indeed, thyroid differentiation genes are silenced by a mechanism controlled by NOX4-derived OS. On the other hand, TERT contributes to mitochondrial OS protection, which could increase the resistance of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. The investigators aim to address the role of OS and mitochondrial TERT in the progression and therapeutic resistance of PTC. OS and TERT subcellular localization will be investigated in 150 PTCs and correlated to the genetic and expression profile of the tumors and to the clinical and prognostic features of the patients. Mechanisms implicated in TERT mitochondrial migration and the contribution of mitochondrial TERT to tumor progression will be investigated in cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures. This study will allow to identify OS as a marker of therapeutic resistance in PTC and will open new opportunities for the development of novel treatments targeting ROS generation/TERT nuclear export.

The aging trend of China's population is intensifying. More than 50% of the elderly in China suffer from thyroid disease. Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Even if thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is within the normal range, brain atrophy and infarction-like vascular damage in elderly males will be aggravated with the increased TSH level. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency or excess may lead to a series of thyroid diseases. The risk threshold of iodine intake in the elderly is unknown. The goal of this observational study is to clarify the relationship between thyroid diseases and iodine intake in the elderly. The aims are: to clarify the differences in the prevalence of thyroid diseases in the elderly with different iodine nutrition backgrounds. to analyze the effects of mild iodine deficiency and iodine excess on the thyroid health of the elderly. to explore the hazard threshold of iodine intake for old people. to compare the differences in thyroid disease and iodine nutritional status between young and middle-aged people and old people.

Thyroid hormones are the cornerstones of a complex system that plays an important role in the growth and development of children, especially in the development of the nervous system and brain. Therefore, even minimal disruptions of this system can cause permanent damage. Thyroid dysfunction is a common problem in pre-term infants. Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity within the first month of life may represent important prognostic information about morbidity and mortality. Thyroid hormone synthesis may be disrupted in co-morbid conditions . worsening the metabolism of premature infants and causing higher hormone levels compared to healthy infants.

Background: - Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare cancer of the thyroid gland. In children and adults, it is often part of a condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 (MEN2). MEN2 is usually caused by a genetic mutation, and it can cause a number of problems in addition to MTC. These problems include adrenal gland tumors, hormone changes, and problems with the bones and other organs. Not much is known about how MTC develops over time, especially in people with MEN2. Researchers want to study MTC in children and adults and see how it affects their growth and development. Objectives: - To study how medullary thyroid cancer affects children and adults over time. Eligibility: - Children and adults who have medullary thyroid cancer. Design: Participants will be screened with a brief physical exam and medical history. Blood and tissue samples will be collected to see whether participants have the MEN2 genetic mutation. Treatment will not be provided as part of this study. However, participants will be receiving standard care for MTC. They may be eligible for other clinical trials at the National Institutes of Health. Participants will have regular study visits every 6 to 12 months to evaluate their MTC and any treatment. Blood tests, imaging studies, and other tests may be performed as needed to monitor the disease. Participants and their parents/guardians will also complete questionnaires about their health and emotions during the study.

Thyroid nodules are common clinical problem. The incidence is 2-4 per 100,000 people per year, being more common in women and the elderly. thyroid nodule is a "discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is radiologically distinct from the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Most thyroid nodules are asymptomatic, may present as neck swelling