Active clinical trials for "Thyroid Diseases"

Undifferentiated thyroid cancer is the most malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, with a median survival of only 3 months. Most undifferentiated cancers lose the chance of surgery when they are first diagnosed. The current study, Nexavar, is used only for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer and has not been applied to undifferentiated cancer. This study attempted to apply it to preoperative treatment of undifferentiated cancer to see if it would shrink the tumor and give the patient an opportunity for surgery.

To compare between surgical (hemi thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy) and non-surgical (medical, ethanol injection,thermal ablation and laser photo coagulation) management of simple thyroid nodule regarding: Outcome of every type of management Feasibility of minimally invasive technique in management of simple thyroid nodule in Asyut university Complication of every type of management

This study recruit the patients with unilateral papillary thyroid cancer before operation,the patients agree to enter the test,and divided into experimental and control group.experimental group patients receive the surgery including unilateral thyroid lobectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection.and control group receive the surgery including unilateral thyroid lobectomy and unilateral central lymph node dissection.last the investigators compare numbers of patient with tumor recurrence and metastasis rate of 5 years,numbers of metastatic lymph node,and numbers of participants with adverse events related to treatment between two groups in order to evaluate the significance of bilateral lymph node dissection.

Coughing is a common adverse reaction of thyroid surgery,which could result in postoperative bleeding.Postoperative bleeding is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication，which could result in acute upper airway obstruction due to neck hematoma and increase the need for re-operation.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether dexmedetomidine can reduce the incidence of postoperative coughing and contribute to postoperative recovery in patients undergoing tyroid surgery with general anesthesia.

Thyroid nodules are common problems and although > 95% are stated to be benign, they may cause some problems like hyperthyroidism, compression symptoms, and cosmesis associated with their function, size and localization. Especially for these nodules, patients undergo surgery and face up with the problems associated with surgical complications although they are not cancer. In some studies, radiofrequency ablation previously used for intrabdominal tumors like hepatic metastasis...,was stated to be efficient in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules and in some recurrent thyroid cancer cases. Therefore, the investigators decided to use this method in our patients having nodules like previously mentioned and see the efficacy and safety of the technique.

Endoscopic thyroidectomy has been used to treat thyroid diseases in China. However, whether this technique is rational to treat thyroid carcinoma is still in controversy. The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma is predominantly made according to intra-operative frozen section pathological examination in China. In this research, the investigators want to compare clinical index (blood loss, operation duration, number of lymph nodes dissected, complication rates, etc) between patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy ( total thyroidectomy) and those underwent conversion to open procedure. The investigators want to evaluate the technical feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy for treating thyroid carcinoma.

This is multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controled, phase IV study of local direct intra-tumor injection of rAd-p53 monotherapy, with concurrent radioactive iodine , or combination with surgery for treatment of advanced malignant thyroid tumors.

Background: An inadequate filtering system at the Mayak nuclear weapons production facility in Ozyorsk, Russia, allowed the release of various radioactive materials, particularly I-131 (radioactive iodine) into the city's atmosphere during the 1950s. A recent pilot study found a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in Ozyorsk residents who were exposed to the radiation in childhood during years of heavy atmospheric emissions (1952-1953) than in children exposed in later years (between 1967 and 1991) when there were almost no radioactive releases. Understanding the role of I-131 in the development of thyroid disease is important because I-131 is commonly used in medicine (e.g., to treat hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer and to diagnose thyroid disease), and it is the major source of thyroid gland exposure in fallout from atomic bomb explosions, nuclear power plant accidents, and atmospheric venting from plutonium manufacturing facilities. Objectives: -To expand the pilot study to include 350 Ozyorsk residents who were exposed in childhood to moderate levels of radiation in order to evaluate thyroid disease in relation to the dose of I-131 exposure. Eligibility: -People who were born and living in Ozyorsk, Russia between 1954 and 1955, the period of mild radioactive releases from the Mayak nuclear weapons plant. Design: Participants' thyroid gland and structure are examined with an ultrasound examination and blood tests. Participants with a possible thyroid gland disorder are referred to specialists for additional diagnostic procedures.

The thyroid cells take up iodine, and radioactive iodine is commonly used to irradiate residual thyroid tissue and thyroid cancer following surgical removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy). A whole body radioactive iodine scanning is usually carried out after thyroidectomy to assess the amount of thyroid tissue left behind at surgery (that might still contain cancer), and to evaluate the presence of iodine avid lesions elsewhere in the body (that might be cancer metastases). A large dose of radioactive iodine is often given, still the optimal iodine dose to ablate the thyroid remnant after surgery is not known. In this study, two radioactive iodine doses are compared in the ablation of the thyroid remnant, a smaller (1110 MBq) dose and a larger (3700 MBq) dose. The study participants are randomly allocated using a 1:1 ratio to receive either the smaller or the larger radioactive iodine dose. These treatments are compared for safety, adverse effects, and the need for subsequent repeat treatments. The individual absorbed radiation doses are measured. The study hypothesis is that fewer repeat radioiodine treatments might be needed after the larger dose, but the larger dose might be associated with a higher frequency of adverse events.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects and safety of Anlotinib with placebo in patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.