Active clinical trials for "Tobacco Use Disorder"

The goal of this subproject is to examine the hypothesized improvement of treatment with chess-based training and sleep enhancement, both together and on their own, in smokers. Participants will undergo fMRI measurements, sleep monitoring. They will then be assigned to one of the four experimental groups, including high-intensity interval training with or without chess-based training.

Heated tobacco products (HTP) are devices which heat, but not burn tobacco. They do not produce cigarette smoke but rather an aerosol. HTPs are marketed as less harmful alternatives to smoking. Use and awareness of these devices have grown exponentially in recent years, with probably millions of people currently using them. There is very little literature about them, so it is quite important to study the effects caused on the human body by these products. The benefits and risks of HTP use are uncertain. There is no research on the acute oral effects of HTPs in the scientific literature.

Despite marked reductions in cigarette smoking in the general population, smoking rates among economically disadvantaged women have increased. Smoking among women of reproductive age is a particular concern because in addition to the usual health risks, there are additional risks should they become pregnant. A national nicotine reduction policy for cigarettes has considerable potential to reduce tobacco use, dependence, and improve health in these smokers. Controlled trials in general population samples have demonstrated that reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes can reduce cigarettes per day (CPD), dependence severity, and tobacco toxicant exposure. The goal of the proposed trial is to experimentally examine whether increasing the availability and appeal of an alternative, non-combusted source of nicotine (e-cigarettes) moderates the effects of altering the nicotine in cigarettes in non-pregnant female cigarette smokers of childbearing age. Additionally, investigators will test whether allowing participants to personalize the flavor of the e-liquid alters any moderating effects their availability may have on tobacco cigarette smoking. Daily smokers who are female, aged 18-44 years, and have a maximum educational attainment of graduating high school, will be recruited at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Vermont. Investigators will study two research cigarettes referred to here as Research Cigarettes 1 (RC1) and Research Cigarettes 2 (RC2). One of these cigarettes will be a normal nicotine content cigarette and the other will be a reduced nicotine content cigarette. Investigators will study two e-cigarette conditions referred to here as E-Cigarette Condition 1 (EC1) and E-Cigarette Condition 2 (EC2). Both e-cigarette conditions will involve the same commercially available devices and same nicotine-containing e-liquid, but in one condition that e-liquid will be available only in tobacco flavor while in the other condition that e-liquid will be available in multiple flavors from which participants can choose based on personal taste preference. Participants will be assigned to one of the following four study conditions: (1) RC1 only; (2) RC2 only; (3) RC2 + EC1; (4) RC2 + EC2. Participants will be asked to use only their assigned study products for 16 weeks. Outcome measures include total CPD, cigarette demand assessed by behavioral economics-based purchase tasks, craving, withdrawal, psychiatric symptoms, breath carbon monoxide (CO), biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure, brain function and structure, and airway inflammation (fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath [FeNO]).

Prevalence of smoking among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) is six-fold that of the general US adult population. The mortality rate of opioid-dependent smokers is four times that of opioid-dependent nonsmokers, and their response to smoking cessation interventions is notoriously poor. A national policy of reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes has the potential to be an effective method of reducing tobacco use prevalence, dependence, and related adverse health outcomes. Controlled trials in the general smoker population have demonstrated that switching smokers to low nicotine content cigarettes results in reductions in cigarettes per day (CPD), dependence and tobacco toxicant exposure, with few adverse consequences. The investigators believe that the impact of reduced nicotine standards on use of combusted cigarettes in this population will be moderated considerably by other tobacco market conditions including (1) availability of alternative sources of non-combusted nicotine, and (2) whether these alternatives are available under conditions that optimize their appeal. The investigators hypothesize the same for other vulnerable populations as well, but achieving significant reductions in use of combusted cigarettes in smokers with OUD seems especially unlikely in the absence of readily available and appealing alternative sources of non-combusted nicotine. The goal of the proposed trial is to experimentally model whether increased availability and appeal of an alternative, non-combusted source of nicotine (e-cigarettes) will enhance the effectiveness of a reduced nicotine standard for cigarettes in smokers with OUD. Additionally, the investigators will test whether allowing participants to personalize the favor of the e-liquid alters any moderating effects their availability may have on tobacco cigarette smoking. Daily smokers who are receiving methadone or buprenorphine treatment will be recruited at University of Vermont and Johns Hopkins University. The investigators will study two research cigarettes referred to here as RC1 and RC2. One of these cigarettes will be a normal nicotine content cigarette and the other will be a reduced nicotine content cigarette. Investigators will study two e-cigarette conditions referred to here as EC1 and EC2. Both e-cigarette conditions will involve the same commercially available devices and same nicotine-containing e-liquid, but in one condition that e-liquid will be available only in tobacco flavor while in the other condition that e-liquid will be available in multiple flavors from which participants can choose based on personal taste preference. Participants will be assigned to one of the following four study conditions: (1) RC1 only; (2) RC2 only; (3) RC2 + EC1; (4) RC2 + EC2. Participants will be asked to use only their assigned study products for 16 weeks. Outcome measures include total CPD, cigarette demand assessed by behavioral economics-based purchase tasks, craving, withdrawal, psychiatric symptoms, breath carbon monoxide (CO), biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure, brain function and structure, and airway inflammation (fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath [FeNO]).

The overall goal of this study is to determine if switching to very low nicotine content cigarettes changes the function of brain circuitry involved in incentive salience and executive control among dependent smokers.

While the prevalence of smoking in the United States general population has declined over the past 50 years, there has been little to no decline among people with mental health conditions. Affective Disorders (ADs) are the most common mental health conditions in the US, and over 40% of people with ADs are current smokers. A national policy of reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes has the potential to reduce tobacco use, dependence, and related adverse health outcomes. Controlled trials in psychiatrically-stable smokers have shown that reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes can reduce cigarettes per day (CPD), dependence and tobacco toxicant exposure, with few adverse consequences. The goal of the proposed trial is to experimentally model whether increasing the availability and appeal of an alternative, non-combusted source of nicotine (e-cigarettes) moderates the effect of altering the nicotine in cigarettes in smokers with ADs. Additionally, investigators will test whether allowing participants to personalize the flavor of the e-liquid alters any moderating effects their availability may have on tobacco cigarette smoking. Daily smokers with current ADs will be recruited at Brown University and the University of Vermont. Investigators will study two research cigarettes referred to here as Research Cigarette 1 (RC1) and Research Cigarette 2 (RC2). One of these cigarettes will be a normal nicotine content cigarette and the other will be a reduced nicotine content cigarette. Investigators will study two e-cigarette conditions referred to here as E-Cigarette Condition 1 (EC1) and E-Cigarette Condition 2 (EC2). Both e-cigarette conditions will involve the same commercially available devices and same nicotine-containing e-liquid, but in one condition that e-liquid will be available only in tobacco flavor while in the other condition that e-liquid will be available in multiple flavors from which participants can choose based on personal taste preference. Participants will be assigned to one of the following four study conditions: (1) RC1 only; (2) RC2 only; (3) RC2 + EC1; (4) RC2 + EC2. Participants will be asked to use only their assigned study products for 16 weeks. Outcome measures include total CPD, cigarette demand assessed by behavioral economics-based purchase tasks, craving, withdrawal, psychiatric symptoms, breath carbon monoxide (CO), biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure, brain function and structure, and airway inflammation (fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath [FeNO]).

The overall aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effect of switching from conventional cigarettes to either a LWe or HWe on smoking behavior, product use patterns and continued use, as well as biomarkers of toxicant exposure and effects.

The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of "nudges" to clinicians, patients, or both in increasing referral to, and engagement with, tobacco use treatment services (TUTS) for HIV patients versus usual care. This will be a four-arm pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. The investigators hypothesize that each of the implementation strategy arms will significantly increase TUTS referral and engagement compared to usual care and that the combination of nudges to clinicians and to patients will be the most effective.

Almost one in ten young adults report current e-cigarette use, putting them at risk of developing nicotine addiction and long-term health effects of exposure to inhaled toxicants. Despite the need for effective treatments to help these young users quit, very few treatments targeting any type of tobacco use among young adults have been evaluated, particularly for young adults who vape and have unique treatment needs. To address these needs, this trial will evaluate a digital program for young adult e-cigarette users at all stages of readiness to quit called ACT on Vaping.

The purpose of this study is to examine racial differences in smoking behaviors and stress responses between African American and white male smokers.