Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

Background: As described in detail in the literature, patients identified with malnutrition are at increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. Despite this knowledge, malnourished patients do not always get optimal nutritional management while admitted into a hospital due to what we describe as gaps in care over the course of their admission. Objective: We hypothesized that the three main gaps in care were poor RDN/MD communication, excessive time spent NPO for procedures/testing, and/or inaccurate/incomplete dietary discharge instructions. The objectives of this study were to determine and to characterize gaps in nutritional care after a malnutrition diagnosis. Design: This retrospective study involved post-discharge chart reviews of malnourished adult medicine patients admitted to an acute care facility from September 1- November 30, 2014 (n=242).

Africa faces rapid urbanization, has the second highest population growth rate, makes up one-fifth of the world's youth population, and experiences stagnant rates of undernutrition. These challenges point to the need for country-specific data on rural-urban health disparities to inform development policies. This cross-sectional study examined disparities in body mass index-for-age-and-sex (BAZ) and height-for-age-and-sex z-scores (HAZ) among 1125 adolescents in Tanzania. Rural-urban disparities in nutritional status were significant and gendered. Findings confirm place of residence as a key determinant of BAZ, HAZ, and stunting among adolescents in Tanzania. Targeted gender-sensitive interventions among adolescents, particularly in rural areas, are needed to limit growth faltering and improve health outcomes.

There are many factors involved in outlining the patient's profile and in defining which factors can be configured as risks related to the surgical act; for the modern surgeon it is no longer possible to identify the patient at risk of complications based on the mere age or some comorbidities historically considered more influential on the surgical outcome, but each patient must be evaluated in its entirety including age, fragility, comorbidity, state nutritional and sarcopenia and, if necessary, implementing preoperative therapeutic strategies aimed at minimizing the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of surgery. Our study aimed at creating, if possible, an "identikit" of the patient who is more likely to have serious postoperative complications; in order to improve the therapeutic decision and the approach to patients with severe surgical risk since choosing the right treatment for the right patient is essential to obtain a good result.

Patients in emergency settings might become malnourished. There are different ways to identify the group as 'at risk' of malnutrition. There are also several different ways to measure outcomes. This pilot study will look at patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, investigate relationships between different selection criteria and outcome measures, and test feasibility of outcome measure collection.

comparing micro-nutrient deficiencies in postoperative morbid obese patients who will be undergoing gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy with regards to vit B 12, vitamin D,iron studies and calcium .

The primary purpose of this study is to conduct an exploratory study of which predictors are most significant for LBM loss in patients with lymphoma. Patients are measured by weight and bio impedance and furthermore, their physical activity, nutritional status, diet and quality of life during the course are estimated. This is done in order to determine any changes in the aforementioned factors during the course of the cancer treatment that may have a bearing on the loss of LBM.

Child undernutrition is a worldwide public health problem that has persisted in African countries. For instance, the most recently reported prevalence rates of stunting (38%), underweight (24%), and wasting (10%) among children under the age of five in Ethiopia is higher than the global prevalence. The causes of undernutrition are classified in the following manner: immediate causes, such as inadequate dietary intakes; underlying causes, such as household food insecurity and inadequate care and feeding practices; and basic causes, which involve the household's inadequate access to education, employment, and income, among others. Evidence has demonstrated that nutrition education interventions (NEI) may influence both underlying and immediate causes of child undernutrition. For instance, nutrition education interventions have the potential of preventing the underlying causes of child undernutrition by improving mothers' knowledge in care and feeding practices, and further improving the quality and quantity of dietary intake, which is considered an immediate cause of child undernutrition. Moreover, nutrition education interventions designed to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, such as dietary diversity, frequency, and adequacy, are considered a high impact strategy that may substantially reduce stunting. Preliminary data from Hawassa University (collaborating institution in this project) demonstrated that approximately 86% of the children residing in Arsi Negele, Wondo Genet, and Dale districts in Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' (SNNP) regions in Ethiopia do not receive adequate complementary feeding practices. Such lack of optimal complementary feeding practices may compromise a child's growth, development, and survival. Therefore, there is a critical need for improving child complementary feeding practices to promote their well-being and adequate nutritional status. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to improve child feeding practices and related nutritional status by improving the mother's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of complementary feeding practices for their children aged six to 23 months in three woredas located in Oromia and SNNP. It is hypothesized that after the NEI mothers will improve their children' dietary diversity, frequency and adequacy.

This is a cross-sectional observational study that investigates the prevalence of memory disorders, attention disorders (suggesting delirium), and malnutrition in hospitalized older adults (aged 70 years or over) in a tertiary care centre, using rapid screening toos (Six-item screener for memory disorders, Months of the Year Backwards Test for delirium, and NRS-2002 and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form for malnutrition).

The investigators performed two case-control studies in Niger and Senegal analysing fecal microbiota to characterize the specificity of the gut microbiota alteration associated with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

This study aims to investigate the relationship of the various exposures during infancy and childhood on later health and development of adolescents. Various exposures to be assessed include, but not limit to, nutritional status, body composition, energy expenditure, dietary intake, micronutrient status, breastfeeding, lifestyle, and other environment exposures. The study will specifically aim to respond these research questions: 1.1 What are the factors associated with overweight, obesity, and stunted in adolescents? 1.2 What are the factors associated with increased risk of NCDs during adolescence? 1.3 What are the factors associated with cognitive functioning during adolescence? Since numerous variables were collected, additional research questions can be possibly studied or other interested variables can be included in the future.