Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

The aim of the study is to develop a simple computer program, evaluating nutritional status of HD patients. The programming will enable to perform a nutritional screening, based on biochemical measures, taken as part of HD patients' routine care every month. The program will identify patients at risk of malnutrition, define the degree of malnutrition, and identify patients who at risk for increased morbidity and mortality. Patients who are at risk of malnutrition will be treated by a standard nutrition; dietary counseling (high protein diet, appropriate calories intake and use of oral supplementation. Intra-dialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) will be used for patients who fail to improve nutrition status by standard nutrition care, as a second line treatment. The effect of IDPN on their nutrition status will be evaluated. A sub group of 30 patients will provide blood smample to assess a NIR method for Cr determination as creatinine is one of the parameters our nutrition score is based on.

The study plans to recruit patients with recurrent miscarriage and detect their niacin, thiamine, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D levels in plasma, evaluating if some lack exists.

The project "Nutrition and Medication management in home-dwelling older adults" consist of two separate studies witch are described in the same study protocol. This is the first study in this Project. The second study is described separately; Identification: 2017/12883-2 Malnutrition is common in older adults. The causes are many and include adverse drug effects. Loss of appetite, nausea, or dry mouth are adverse drug effects, which may contribute to malnutrition. Knowledge about possible relations between drug treatment and nutritional status is scarce. The objectives of the project is to describe nutritional status, drug treatment and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication in home-dwelling elderly receiving home care service in two Norwegian municipalities.

TB-Speed TB-PK is a cross-sectional PK study of anti-TB treatment nested in the TB-Speed HIV and TB-Speed SAM studies aiming at assessing the impact of malnutrition on PK of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol in TB-HIV co-infected children in Uganda and Zambia.

The purpose of this study is to define the role of total body composition in the guidance of nutritional support and treatment monitoring in head and neck patients. Furthermore, the second aim of this study is to compare the clinical performance of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as compared to CT in evaluating total body composition of patients.

Patients with non-traumatic lower limb amputation are characterized by; high age; majority being men; multimorbidity; and high mortality. The patients comorbidities are related to diabetes and cardiovascular disorders such as arteriosclerosis. Major surgery induces a surgical stress response that initiates a catabolic metabolism. Furthermore, the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) both before and after amputation is high (3) as the most prominent indication for amputation is gangrene, followed by non-healing or infected wounds. This leads to an impaired immune response and an increased insulin resistance that also includes a cascade of impaired appetite regulation, low dietary intake and reduced nutrient uptake form the intestine which increases inflammation, loss of muscle and risk of severe complications. Among healthy adults with a normal weight a slow speed of eating will result in a low nutritional intake due to faster satiety experience. Low appetite following major surgery is related to the regulation of hormone controlling the appetite. Especially older patients experience variations in appetite that affect their eating pattern such as eating speed and intake. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the speed of eating and the total nutritional intake among older patients, who are exposed to catabolic metabolism, are associated. The hypothesis is that major surgery induces a change in patients' current eating pattern that is measurable and can be identified as a surrogate measurement of the catabolic state that is related to inflammation. Eating Patterns are often described in clinical practice without engaging in nutritional assessment of the patient. Whether the speed of eating is an objective marker of the current nutritional status has not been established. This study investigates patients undergoing lower limb amputation and their nutritional status, eating pattern and inflammation and whether this is linked to the current degree of disease. The purpose is to describe the development in nutritional status before and after amputation and to investigate associations between patients eating pattern and nutritional status to inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers reflecting the degree of disease.

A large number of children experience undernutrition related to or resulting from their illness. The NHS has recently published standards which state that all patients should be screened for undernutrition on admission and periodically during their stay at hospital. Although, recent studies have attempted to develop appropriate nutritional screening tool for children on admission, there is no agreement concerning the most appropriate criteria to be used and they have not been validated for use in infants. The project team have developed a preliminary tool that would be both simple and quick to use in order to identify infants who are either undernourished or at risk of undernutrition on admission and who would benefit from referral for full nutritional assessment by a dietician. The purpose of this study is establish whether an infant Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score for infants would be able to distinguish infants who are well-nourished from those undernourished or at risk of undernutrition. The researchers will recruit all newly admitted patients ( 210 infants with low, medium, and high risk of undernutrition) from selected wards at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow. The result from the infant screening tool will be compared with the rating using the longer Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment to test the ability of Infant Screening Tool to identify infants at high risk of malnutrition. The researcher will also measure the fat store using skinfolds and will compare the results among those rated high or low risk by the new tool. Finally, the utility of iPYMS score, growth trajectory, body mass index and behaviour questionnaire as predictors of low adiposity and stunting will be compared.

The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), an ongoing open cohort, international collaborative project between the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute for Nutrition and Health (NINH, former National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety) at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC), was designed to examine the effects of the health, nutrition, and family planning policies and programs implemented by national and local governments and to see how the social and economic transformation of Chinese society is affecting the health and nutritional status of its population. The impact on nutrition and health behaviors and outcomes is gauged by changes in community organizations and programs as well as by changes in sets of household and individual economic, demographic, and social factors. The survey was conducted by an international team of researchers whose backgrounds include nutrition, public health, economics, sociology, Chinese studies, and demography. The survey took place over a 7-day period using a multistage, random cluster process to draw a sample of about 7,200 households with over 30,000 individuals in 15 provinces and municipal cities that vary substantially in geography, economic development, public resources, and health indicators. In addition, detailed community data were collected in surveys of food markets, health facilities, family planning officials, and other social services and community leaders.

In several hospital clinical trials, the nutritional intervention has been proven to be effective in preventing and/or reducing malnutrition. Therefore, a procedure to identify the risk of malnutrition or malnourishment in hospitalized patients is necessary to guarantee an adequate and timely nutritional treatment. Aims: to compare two validated nutritional screening tools: NRS 2002 and SGA. These are used to identify the risk of malnutrition or malnourishment in hospitalized patients. Patients and Methods: The study is currently carried out at the Federico II University Hospital of Naples, Italy. The in patients admitted in the Clinical Wards since September 2016 are being evaluated. The two screening test results and the assessment of the patients' parameters are collected within 72 hours following admission. Age, sex, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), calf circumference and dominant hand of the participants are being noted. Venous blood samples are collected for routine biochemistry and inflammatory parameters ; all measurements are determined by routine laboratory methods at the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital Federico II, Naples.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than two-thirds of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Taiwan. The overall prognosis of NSCLC is poor with low 5-year survival rates. Recent advances suggest that malignancy NSCLC cancers are the cancer stem cell (CSC) diseases. The stemness potentials of CSC with epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation ensure their invasion and disseminate to metastsis organs. The self-renewal property of CSC mediates intrinsic drug resistance to cytotoxicity therapy and promoted aggressive relapse tumour. Metabolic reprogramming on bioenergetics of malignant cancer cells has been proposed as the key mediator in the stemness CSC development. Malignancy cells uptake glucose for fermented glycolysis to produce lactate which release resulted in acidified microenvironment to trigger the mTOR and sonic hedgehog metabolic stress signaling in supporting CSC stemness potentials. The metabostemness of cancer cells is the new-dimensional hallmark of malignancy tumour, which may serve as the diagnostic markers for the early detection of malignancy cancers. Folate-mediated one carbon metabolism coordinates glucose into amino acid metabolism to tailor the fuel metabolites in supporting macromolecule synthesis and to sustain the bioenergetics requirement. Acting as the metabolic stressor, low folate intake is associated with increased risks of lung cancers. Folate and one-carbon nutrient status of NSCLC patients in Taiwan, however, has not been assessed. The role of low folate metabolic stress (LFMS) in metabostemness marker and metastasis potentials of malignancy NSCLC is unexplored. The causal effect and the working mechanisms by which LFMS promoted NSCLC malignancy remain elusive.