Active clinical trials for "Malnutrition"

The project seeks to test the integration of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Groups within Care Group projects and investigate whether the treatment of maternal depression with Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Groups improves the adoption of nutrition-related behaviors that can reduce stunting in the Kitgum District in northern Uganda. A secondary aim is to examine whether the participation in the care groups will also result in remission of depression as a non-specific therapeutic effect although it may not be intended as an antidepressant treatment.

Globally, child undernutrition is the underlying cause for 3.1 million deaths of children younger than 5 years. 18.7 million children under five years of age suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and an additional 33 million children suffer from moderate acute malnutrition, and are at risk of developing SAM In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is often poor integration between programs to treat child acute malnutrition and programs that focus on the prevention of acute and chronic undernutrition - resulting in many missed opportunities for using prevention platforms to screen and refer SAM children, or for using screening and referral platforms to provide prevention services. This project will address two critical gaps related to the integration of preventive and treatment programs: 1) screening and treatment of MAM/SAM have not yet been systematically integrated into routine health-center visits or mainstreamed into community outreach programs; and 2) screening programs often do not offer any preventive services for those children found not to be suffering from MAM/SAM at the time of screening; mothers of children identified as non-MAM/SAM case are usually sent home without receiving any health or nutrition inputs and as a result, may fail to come back for screening because they do not see any tangible benefit associated with their participation in the screening. This project will specifically address these gaps by assessing the effect of an integrated approach consisting of higher screening coverage and preventive Behavior Change Communication (BCC) + Small-Quantity Lipid-based Nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) on both prevention and treatment of child undernutrition.

This is a quality improvement research project evaluating if a targeted feedback email to clinicians impacts their nutrition delivery in the ICU.

Globally, child undernutrition is the underlying cause for 3.1 million deaths of children younger than 5 years. 18.7 million children under five years of age suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and an additional 33 million children suffer from moderate acute malnutrition, and are at risk of developing SAM In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is often poor integration between programs to treat child acute malnutrition and programs that focus on the prevention of acute and chronic undernutrition - resulting in many missed opportunities for using prevention platforms to screen and refer SAM children, or for using screening and referral platforms to provide prevention services. This project will address two critical gaps related to the integration of preventive and treatment programs: 1) screening and treatment of MAM/SAM have not yet been systematically integrated into routine health-center visits or mainstreamed into community outreach programs; and 2) screening programs do not offer any preventive services for those children found not to be suffering from MAM/SAM at the time of screening; mothers of children identified as non-MAM/SAM case are usually sent home without receiving any health or nutrition inputs and as a result, may fail to come back for screening because they do not see any tangible benefit associated with their participation in the screening. This project will specifically address these gaps by assessing the effect of an integrated approach consisting of higher screening coverage and preventive Behavior Change Communication (BCC) + Small-Quantity Lipid-based Nutrient supplementation (SQ-LNS) on both prevention and treatment of child undernutrition.

Hypercatabolism and immune suppression are frequently seen in patients with malignancy. Preoperative nutritional state is an important factor in determining surgical and postoperative complications because the preoperative nutritional status affects the postoperative nutritional state, immunity and inflammatory response. In these patients, standard parenteral nutrition may not be sufficient to maintain the immunity and provide positive or stabilized nitrogen balance. Preoperative and perioperative supplementation with immune-enhancing enteral nutrition has been reported to increase total lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and decrease circulating levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor- alfa. There is a report which showed that glutamine dipeptide supplemented parenteral nutrition improved the cellular and humoral immune functions. The investigators aimed to evaluate the effect of postoperative glutamine-dipeptide and/or omega 3 fatty acid supplemented parenteral nutrition on the neutrophil functions and postoperative course of patients with colorectal cancer.

New approaches are needed to prevent growth failure in children from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). To date, nutrition intervention studies have focused on micronutrient and energy content of complementary foods and have yielded only small to moderate effects on growth and development. There appears to be a missing link that mediates and reduces the expected beneficial effect. Child populations in LMIC show an asymptomatic environmental enteropathy that is characterized by a reduced size of the small intestinal villi, decreased gut integrity and a chronic inflammatory response in the gut. Results from studies in industrialized countries suggest that ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LCPUFAs) improve immune response and gut integrity. These reported beneficial effects could result in even more important physiological implications for children from LMIC and will ultimately contribute to their healthy growth and development. The hypothesis of the OME³Jim study is that an increased intake of ω3 LCPUFAs through complementary foods and human milk has an effect on infant growth and development in a context of high malnutrition rates and low ω3 LCPUFAs intake. This study will identify whether intake by either or both mother and infant is more effective. The specific objectives of the OME³Jim study are: To test the effect of supplementing infants with an ω3 LCPUFAs fortified food supplement on infant growth, morbidity, nutritional status and development; To test the effect of supplementing lactating mothers with an ω3 LCPUFAs oil capsule on infant growth, nutritional status and development; To test the combined effect (dose response) of supplementing ω3 LCPUFAs to lactating mothers and infant on infant growth, morbidity, nutritional status and development: To test the effect of ω3 LCPUFAs supplementation on ω3 LCPUFA status in infants and human milk.

An optimal nutritional status is essential for healthy ageing. Telemonitoring might contribute to maintaining or improving nutritional status in elderly people.The objectives of this effect study are to test the feasibility and effectiveness of telemonitoring of nutritional parameters in community-dwelling older adults.

An optimal nutritional status is essential for healthy ageing. Telemonitoring might contribute to maintaining or improving nutritional status in elderly people.The objectives of this pilot study are to test the feasibility, acceptability and implementation fidelity of telemonitoring of nutritional parameters in community-dwelling older adults; to test the study procedures for effect evaluation; and to determine the likelihood of achieving desired impact on the primary and secondary outcomes.

Optimal infant and young child feeding practices are largely inadequate in rural and poor households in Ghana. Child welfare clinics (CWCs) focus on immunization, supplementation, and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) activities among infants and young children (IYC). An essential component of GMP activities is to counsel mothers to practice optimal IYC feeding and health practices, but most of the time this is completely missing or not specific enough to be effective. This study will test the effect of a mass media nutrition education program on caregiver infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and practices using a community-based cluster randomized design. Formative research will first be undertaken to determine the beliefs, attitudes, and constraints that prevent caregivers from adequately feeding their infants and young children with members of the community (caregivers with children under-five, men and elderly women).The information gathered will then be used to design specific messages that directly address the IYC feeding challenges of the community. Clusters will be randomized into active (radio messages with in-person engagement and follow-up) and passive (only radio messages) arms of the intervention. Farm Radio International (implementers of the mass media programming) will ensure the regular broadcast of twice weekly messages for a period of about 12-18 months.

Routine examination of vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25 (OH)D levels, which indicate circulating vitamin D levels. While serum 1.25 (OH) D levels are less frequently utilized, they represent the active form of vitamin D and could be a substitute for checking vitamin D levels. This study aims to find the correlation between vitamin D levels, namely 25 (OH) D and 1.25 (OH) D saliva, which correlate with serum 25 (OH) D and 1.25 (OH) D levels in the examination of salivary vitamin D, and which could be a substitute for checking serum vitamin D levels.