Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there has been a change in the number of hospital admissions for respiratory tract infections among children following the July 2007 introduction of a ban on smoking in public places in England.

Poor Ecuadorian older people suffer from chronic dietary deficiencies of zinc, iron, copper, vitamins C, B6, B12, D, and folic acid. The investigators have previously shown that these deficiencies are associated with impaired immune function and increased incidence of respiratory infections (RI). The hypothesis is that correction of these specific nutrient deficiencies will improve immune response and thereby enhance resistance to respiratory infections. To test this hypothesis this study will evaluate the effect of supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals found to be deficient in poor elderly Ecuadorians on markers of immune function and the incidence of RI. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 320 older people (≥65 y)will be carried out in Quito, Ecuador. Participants will receive multivitamin and mineral supplements or placebo tablets daily for 12 months. Nutrients will be provided at US Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels, except for vitamin C and zinc doses, which will be 5 times and 1.25 times higher than the RDA, respectively. Incidence of respiratory infections (the primary outcome) will be assessed weekly by field nurses and physicians from the study team. Secondary outcomes include delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, cathelicidin production by mucosa respiratory cells, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) as measures of immune function. Blood micronutrient levels and haemoglobin status will be collected as measures of adherence to the trial regimen. Incidence rate of RI and rate ratio (RR) will be calculated to quantify the effect of the intervention on the incidence of respiratory infection. This will be the first trial of its kind conducted specifically in a population of older people known to have poor micronutrient status. The findings of the study may be important for similar populations in other low- and middle-income countries.

The purpose of this study is to investigate weather or not the use of a procalcitonin(PCT)-based treatment in the daily clinical work could lower the consumption of antibiotics in patients with lower respiratory tract infections.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the symptom impact of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during rhinovirus infection.

The hypothesis was to establish whether the use of PrevinC administered nasally 2-3 times a day will prevent upper respiratory infections in otherwise healthy adults working in child day care centers.

The objective of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between interferon-gamma levels and the incidence of viral respiratory infections in allergic children treated with allergy immunotherapy as compared to those treated with standard medical care (nasal steroids, antihistamines) over a 1-year period. The hypotheses to be tested are 1) interferon-gamma levels will be significantly increased 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in allergic children treated with allergy immunotherapy as compared to those treated with standard medical care, 2) the incidence of viral respiratory infections will be reduced at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in allergic children treated with allergy immunotherapy as compared to those treated with standard medical care.

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and economic burden in adults and infants/children less than or equal to 5 years of age by type of respiratory pathogen (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza A, and human metapneumovirus [hMPV] in adults; RSV and hMPV in infants/children) based on medical resource utilization; rate and type of complications during and after hospitalization; mortality; rate and reasons of re-hospitalization related to index hospitalization; post-discharge care information and International Classification of Diseases 9th/10th revision (ICD-9/10)/Diagnostic-related Group (DRG) codes used (distribution).

Pneumonia in Pakistan continues to be the leading killer of children under five. Although various national and provincial programs have tried to tackle this but they have not been able to achieve the desired outcomes. Additionally, there has been limited in depth evaluation of the practices of pneumonia management at various levels of the community. The investigators, therefore, aim to establish an understanding of pneumonia case management at three levels of healthcare - community, first level care facility and practitioner level. This will be conducted through observations of pneumonia case managements practices of healthcare providers at these three levels across the country by simulated patients. Observation checklists will be developed incorporating settings and behaviors. Observation sites will be randomly selected with 32 observations made in each province. The results of this study will yield the ground reality of pneumonia case management in Pakistan. Based on the results of this study, strategies can be devised to improve case management within the community with models of regular monitoring and supervision.

Infection with human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is the most common cause of hospital stay due to pediatric lower respiratory tract infection. An exaggerated immune response contributes to the pathogenesis and small children may have over reactive airways for a long time after an infection. New research has shown that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are stimulated by the virus. Besides fighting the infection they also cause collateral damage to the host. Among other mechanisms PMNs stimulates mucus formation that affects breathing. They also secrete enzymes, toxic proteins and free radicals that may cause harm to lung tissue and airways. The current project strives towards identifying and quantifying inflammatory mediators in sputum, urine and blood of children with severe RS-virus infection. The ultimate aim of the project is to, in detail, describe proteins contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.

The overall objective of this study is to describe the effectiveness of Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine compared to standard dose inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV) in adults 18 through 64 years of age. During this study, Flublok Quadrivalent or SD-IIV will be administered according to the guidelines in the Prescribing Information materials and only to persons for whom it is indicated. The 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021 formulations of recombinant influenza vaccine (Flublok Quadrivalent vaccine) and SD-IIV will be evaluated for outcomes including all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza, PCR-confirmed hospitalized influenza, hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia and cardio-respiratory events.