Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of hospitalization in premature infants worldwide. Severity rates are particularly high in developing countries. Numerous viruses can cause severe disease, but the most frequent agent of hospitalization is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In a recent study in Argentina, 58% of RSV infected VLBW infants required hospitalization and 19% required mechanical ventilation. One every twenty infected infants died. Unlike industrialized nations, VLBW infants in developing countries often lack access to prophylaxis against RSV with a commercially available monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). No vaccine or preventive intervention is available against any respiratory virus for infants younger than 6 months of age in developing countries and the public sector of most middle-income countries. The protective role of breastfeeding against respiratory infections in developing countries is well established. But while similar beneficial effects have been described for premature infants, the dropout rate for breastfeeding in families exposed to the uncertainties and stress of the early months of life in the neonatal intensive care unit is very high. The World Health Organization recommends the use of Human Milk Donor Banks to feed infants that cannot be breastfed by their own mothers. These banks are established with the purpose of collecting, screening, processing (including pasteurizing), testing and distributing donated human milk. The potential benefit of donated milk against acute disease elicited by RSV is unknown. The investigators propose to study the role of supplemental donated human milk in the prevention of hospitalizations caused by RSV in non-breastfeeding premature infants. Since the investigators expect the benefits of breast milk to extend beyond protection against RSV, the effect of human milk against respiratory infections elicited by other viruses will also be evaluated.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of commercially available kefir on preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea compared to placebo in children ages 1-5.

Acute respiratory tract infections are among the most common problems of childhood, particularly among infants and children younger than 3 years, and account for most antibiotic prescriptions to children. Most of these infections are self-limited and do not require medical intervention; however, the symptoms overlap significantly with those of severe viral or bacterial infections. At the hospital Emergency Department (ED), medical assessment, prescription of antibiotics (unnecessarily if the infection is viral), and a series of investigations (e.g., blood work, X-rays) often take place before a decision on patient management and possible hospital admission can be made. Such procedures lead to intense use of human health resources (nursing, laboratory and radiology staff) and hospital facilities. The literature suggests that a prompt single viral diagnosis improves decision-making. To our knowledge, no-one has performed a controlled trial to examine the impact of a rapid, multi-viral detection test like VIRAP, or the impact of the timing of such a test, on management of children with flu-like illnesses in the ED. Our objective is to determine if use of our new viral detection program, VIRAP, for rapid testing for viral respiratory infections right after triage will improve patient management and resource use in the ED. We will test the hypothesis that availability of VIRAP at triage to support rapid diagnosis of viral infection in children at BCCH will (i) reduce the waiting time in the ED; (ii) improve decision making regarding diagnostic investigations and specimen collection; and (iii) decrease antibiotic prescriptions. Study completed and manuscript accepted for publication in the Journal of Pediatrics.

Children with malnutrition are often low in some nutrients, like zinc or vitamin A, that could help them fight off infections like pneumonia. Our study was designed to see if children who got supplements of zinc or vitamin A had fewer infections.

The study aims to measure the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (ie. the proportion of people with antibodies against the virus) in pregnant women and blood donors in an administrative area of France, and to determine whether these measures are representative of the general population.

The aim of the study is to assess the expression of TLR 3, 7, and 9 in the population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in B lymphocytes (CD19+), T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) using flow cytometry in relation to the clinical parameters and outcome of COVID 19 patients .

To measure the speed of bacterial eradication from the respiratory tract after administration of azithromycin or telithromycin.

The goal of this observational study is to describe the immune signature of acute pulmonary infection.The main questions it aims to answer are: Nasal mucosal immune response in patients with influenza infection Difference of immune response between Viral sepsis and Bacterial sepsis Immunological differences between Viral sepsis and Viral pneumonia

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of a novel mRNA diagnostic/prognostic classifier (interprets the expression of 29 host response mRNA biomarkers) from whole blood in adult patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) with suspected infection.

VAP（Ventilator-associated pneumonia）is the most common complication of mechanical ventilation in severely ill patients. VAP is defined as pneumonia occurring 48 hours after patients receive mechanical ventilation, including pneumonia occurring within 48 hours after extubation. It is one of the important causes of hospital-acquired infection, and the incidence of VAP in children on mechanical ventilation is about 10%, or 7/1000 days of mechanical ventilation, and the overall mortality is 10-24%.Research has so far explained the relationship between bacteria isolated from human biological samples and VAP pathogens. Most studies are limited to the level of bacterial species, and there are few reports on bacterial genotyping, and there is a lack of scientific basis for the pathogenesis of VAP caused by bacteria in ventilator pipeline. The aim of the study is to investigate pathogen of the sputum in deep respiratory tract of patients with mechanical ventilation in PICU by the means of second generation sequencing (NGS).