Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

The goal of this study is to determine if Echinacea purpurea stimulates the immune system. For the study, 20 healthy adults will be randomized to receive Echinacea purpurea or placebo for 10 days. Blood will be drawn to assess immune markers just before beginning the study medication, during the 10 day course of medication and after completing the course of medication. It is postulated that adults receiving the Echinacea will have evidence of immune stimulation and those receiving placebo will not.

The PRIMAKid trial is a general practice based double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness and costs of combined influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in pre-school children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. A target number of 660 children aged 18-72 months with a history of two or more general practitioner attended episodes of RTI, are included. Exclusion criteria are diseases accompanied by a high risk of recurrent RTI and conditions chronically treated with corticosteroids. Over a period of 7 to 22 months follow-up, the number of febrile RTI-episodes as primary outcome is assessed, and as secondary outcomes the severity and length of febrile RTI-episodes, medical visits / interventions, health-related quality of life and productivity loss of parents.

Background: - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause respiratory infections. Some of these can be life-threatening, especially in young children, the elderly, and people with weak immune systems. Researchers want to study RSV infection in a hospital setting in healthy adults. They want to use what they learn to test new treatments or vaccines in the future. Objectives: - To study how the body responds to RSV. Eligibility: - Healthy volunteers ages 18-50 Design: Participants will be screened under another protocol. Participants will have: Medical history Physical exams EKG. Heart rhythm is measured with small sticky patches on the chest, arms, and legs. Chest x-ray Pulmonary function tests. This measures how much air a person can move into and out of the lungs. Blood and urine tests Nasal washes and/or nasal swabs. For the wash, the nose will be rinsed with a sterile liquid. For the swab, the inside of the nostril will be rubbed with a cotton swab. Participants will have two, possibly three, follow-up outpatient visits, approximately 1, 2 and 6 months after receiving the dose of RSV. Participants will stay in the hospital under isolation for 7 or more days after getting the virus. The average stay is 10 days. Participants cannot leave the isolation unit. They cannot have visitors. The virus should cause a mild to medium cold. Participants will fill out a symptom card every day in the hospital and for 1 month after. Participants will have 2 follow-up visits, 28 and 56 days after leaving the hospital. Female participants who are sexually active must remain abstinent or use an effective form of birth control for 1 month before and after getting the virus.

GSK2140944 belongs to the Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitor (BTI) class of antibiotics. GSK2140944 has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram positive including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative pathogens associated with respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue infections including isolates resistant to existing classes of antimicrobials. This is a First Time in Human (FTIH) study to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of GSK2140944 in healthy volunteers. This study will be a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-rising study in healthy subjects. The proposed single doses will range from 100 mg to 3000 mg.

To investigate the effect of milk-based formulas on infections and immune functions in healthy children.

The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D in reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza and in reducing non-influenza viral respiratory tract infections. A cohort of children between the ages of 3 and 17 years from the Thanh Ha Commune, Thanh Liem District, Ha Nam Province, Vietnam will be randomized to either weekly vitamin D supplements or placebo. Participants who develop acute respiratory infection over a 12-month period, will be tested for influenza, the co-primary outcome, and other respiratory viruses, the other co-primary outcome, by RT-PCR.

Behavioral change is a key ingredient for successful adoption of better sanitation practices in rural Africa. Sanitation programs have, for some time now, incorporated the need to raise awareness and emphasize the benefits of toilet usage. These endeavors, often combined with subsidies linked to toilet construction by households, seek to create a demand for sanitation goods. Yet, progress in securing the desired outcomes from sanitation programs has been slow. Moreover, benefits of sanitation largely take the form of externalities, which individuals do not take into account when making their own decisions about investments. This makes sanitation promotion at the household level particularly challenging. A new approach to sanitation entails a shift away from the provision of subsidies for toilets to individual households and a promotion of behavioral change at individual-level towards emphasizing collective decision-making in order to produce 'open defecation-free' villages. The objective of the intervention is to reduce the incidence of diseases related to poor sanitation and manage public risks posed by the failure to safely confine the excreta of some community members. The way to achieve this objective is by empowering communities motivated to take collective action. Local governments and other agencies perform a facilitating role. There is a growing recognition that this approach, referred to as Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), may help with the reduction of open defecation practices. However, no rigorous impact evaluation of CLTS has been conducted so far. This randomized controlled trial will study the effect of CLTS in rural Mali. As a result, sound evidence will become available to see to what extent CLTS improves health outcomes and what is driving collective action in order to increase sanitation coverage. The direct recipients of the intervention are members of rural communities in Mali who aspire to live in a cleaner environment. The donor community, international organizations, and governments in developing countries will benefit from having simple and clear evidence on the effectiveness of an innovative program for improving sanitation in rural areas. They will learn whether the program has worked or failed to achieve its objective of eradicating open defecation, and about key factors explaining success and failure.

This is an open label, in-use study to assess the warming sensation, acceptability and local tolerability of paracetamol 500 mg + pseudoephedrine 30 mg syrup, given as a single dose in subjects suffering from symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. The purpose is to evaluate the acceptability concerning a warming sensation effect and its potential benefit in the target population. The primary objective is to assess the warming sensation caused by the excipient IFF flavor 316 282, in a syrup containing paracetamol 500 mg + pseudoephedrine 30 mg per 30 ml syrup. The syrup contains (0.15% w/v) warming flavor. The Secondary Objectives are to assess subject acceptability of the syrup and the safety and tolerability of the syrup. The study will be run in fifty-six (56) subjects suffering from symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) for 7 days or less, e.g. nasal congestion associated with colds and flu symptoms such as pain, headache and/or fever. Subjects must have one or more symptoms per category: mild to moderate body pain, headache, fever or sore throat nasal congestion (blocked nose) with or without rhinorrhea (runny nose) or sneezing Adolescents will be included in the study population

In an effort to implement Choosing Wisely guidelines and decrease patient harm, we will implement and evaluate a clinician audit-feedback and behavioral "nudge" initiative to reduce low-value antibiotics for URIs. Using a quasi-experiment (pre-post) design, antibiotic prescriptions for URI at LAC+USC Urgent Care Center (intervention site) vs. Olive View-UCLA Urgent Care Center (control site) will used to test the effects of behavioral "nudge" on antibiotic prescribing.

Background: One of the main causes of respiratory infections in children and adults is RSV. This stands for respiratory syncytial virus. Healthy adults usually get a cold when they get an infection with RSV. They generally recover without any problems. But some infections can be life-threatening. Researchers want to study RSV infection in a safe, controlled setting in healthy adults to help develop new treatments. Objective: To test the safety of a high dose of RSV A2 by spraying the virus into the nose, and studying how the body responds. Eligibility: Healthy adults ages 18-50 Design: Participants will be screened during 2 screening visits with: Medical interview Physical exam Blood and nasal samples Chest X-ray (chest radiograph) Participants will have a heart test. Sticky patches on the body will detect heart electrical activity. Pulmonary function test (PFT). They will blow into a machine to measure airflow. Urine tests for pregnancy or drug use. Participants will be admitted to the hospital before they get RSV A2. Participants will get a single dose of RSV A2 as two sprays, one into each nostril. Participants will stay in the hospital under isolation for as long as it takes the body to clear RSV A2 from nasal fluids. This can take as long as 14 days or more. Participants cannot take any cold medicine to try to feel better. Every day, participants will: Answer questions about their symptoms Have nasal washes and/or nasal swabs collected Have a physical exam Participants will have blood drawn most days. After discharge, participants will keep a health diary. Participants will have 2 follow-up visits at 1 month and 2 months after receiving the RSV A2 dose. A history and physical examination, a blood draw, and nasal wash and swab will be performed.