Active clinical trials for "Virus Diseases"

The fast increase of Multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) due to the high amount of antimicrobials being poorly used may be limited by better regulating antimicrobial usage globally. The goal of this observational study is the performance of the MeMed BV® test in the MeMed Key® device at the emergency department to a) support the differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory tract and b) provide evidence of how the use of this test may limit gut colonization by MDRO.

The present study aims to establish a " one-sample testing platform " and assess the prevalence of hepatitis C in individuals taking routine physical examination or outpatient visit in mainland China.

Pertussis is a bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Highly contagious, it is potentially serious and even fatal in infants under 6 months of age. The immunity acquired through vaccination is very limited in time, requiring regular booster shots. There is a passive protection of the newborn by the maternal-fetal transmission of maternal antibodies, but it is brief. The infant's first vaccination is given at 2 months of age and immunity is not acquired until the second injection at 4 months of age. The booster at 11 months of age is essential to prolong this immunity. In order to protect infants under 6 months of age, France has recommended since 2004 the cocooning strategy, which consists of vaccinating people likely to be in close contact with the infant during this period. This vaccination is therefore proposed to adults who are planning to have children, to the entourage of pregnant women, and in the immediate post-partum period for the mother (and people who were not vaccinated during pregnancy). This strategy was put in place following the international recommendation of a forum of scientific experts, the Global Pertussis Initiative. In France, vaccination against pertussis is not currently recommended during pregnancy. There is no contraindication to vaccination during pregnancy and it is recommended in many countries. Influenza is a viral respiratory infection caused by Myxovirus influenzae, which is highly contagious. In France, vaccination against influenza is recommended for pregnant women, regardless of the trimester of pregnancy. It is also recommended for the entourage of infants under 6 months of age with risk factors for severe influenza. There are few recent data in the scientific literature regarding influenza and pertussis vaccination coverage among pregnant or postpartum women in France. In addition, the COVID19 pandemic has recently reopened the debate on vaccination of the general population and caregivers. Knowing the current status of vaccination coverage among pregnant women and caregivers, their knowledge and fears regarding vaccination could help improve the information provided by healthcare staff.

The BK virus (BKV) belongs to the Polyomaviridae family. The primary infection, generally asymptomatic, occurs during childhood. The virus then persists in latent form in the body, mainly in the epithelial cells of the kidney and urinary tract. Cellular immunosuppression favors BKV replication. It is responsible for pathologies of the renal-urinary tract such as BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplant recipients, hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recipients or ureteral stenosis. To date, there is no specific antiviral treatment against BKV. The management of patients is essentially symptomatic and requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is therefore necessary to identify early prognostic markers for the occurrence of CH and to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a viral fever that can cause internal bleeding. The death rate from EVD is very high. In a 2014 outbreak in West Africa, 28,000 were affected and 11,000 died. EVD may also affect the brain and nervous system, but this is not well studied. People with EVD report headaches and mental status changes. Some rarely had strokes and seizures. Neurological issues can continue for years after people recover from the initial EVD infection. Objective: This is a natural history study to learn more about how EVD continues to affect survivors brain and nervous system after 5 years. Eligibility: People aged 18 years or older who participated in the PREVAIL III Neurology Substudy. Participants can be either an EVD survivor or a close contact. Close contacts are people who had a relationship with a survivor of EVD. Design: Participants will have 1 clinic visit. They will have a physical exam. Their vital signs will be measured. They will also have a neurological checkup. The exam will assess their mental status. Their senses, reflexes, and coordination will be tested. They will be observed while walking to assess their gait. This exam will take about 1 hour. Participants will have an interview. They will answer questions about any symptoms they have that may be affecting the brain or nervous system. This will take about 1 hour. No other procedures will be performed during this visit.

Following the sudden and unexpected emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (2009 H1N1) virus, this observational study was initiated to estimate rates of morbidity and mortality and to examine predictors of severity among participants with 2009 H1N1 infection. In 2011, as surveillance indicated that 2009 H1N1 virus was co-circulating with other seasonal influenza A and B viruses worldwide, the protocol was expanded to include other influenza A subtypes and influenza B viruses. The current version of the protocol (released in August 2013) further broadens the scope of this observational study. With the recognition that novel respiratory viruses other than novel influenza A viruses, e.g., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), could become prevalent and of major public health importance, the objectives of this protocol have been expanded.

Background: Many adults and some children with COVID-19 become critically ill and need advanced life support in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Frailty is a medical condition of reduced function and health. Adults with frailty have a lower chance of surviving critical illness. The investigators are still learning about critically ill adults with COVID-19, and do not have much information on how frailty affects outcomes in critically ill children, with or without COVID-19. Rehabilitation can help survivors of COVID-19 by improving strength and improve quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The main goal of this research study is to see if patients with frailty have a lower chance of surviving COVID-19 critical illness and more health problems after survival than patients without frailty. The investigators will also study the types of rehabilitation received by patients with COVID-19. Methods: The investigators will include adults and children with COVID-19 who are admitted to the ICUs that participate in the study. The investigators will gather data about each patient, including before and during their illness. Outcomes: The investigators will collect level of frailty, function, and types of therapy, or rehabilitation received by patients. In adults, The investigators are most interested in learning if frailty influences mortality, or death. In children, the investigators are most interested in whether children with COVID-19 critical illness are more likely to develop frailty. The investigators will also study post-hospital discharge location in survivors (e.g., home, rehabilitation). Relevance: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis. It is critical to understand how COVID-19 critical illness affects groups of people who are at higher risk, and the impact on outcomes that are important to patients, like functioning and QOL. The results will help policy makers plan post-hospital services for survivors, help healthcare workers understand the importance of rehabilitation practice for patients with COVID-19, and researchers develop treatments to improve QOL after COVID-19.

Patients are frequently evaluated by physicians for medical work-up of HIV indicator conditions in hospital and in primary care at the general practitioner. Testing for HIV is indicated with HIV indicator disorder but often omitted in clinical work-up. Besides the fact that HIV testing is forgotten, there are other reasons such as an underestimation of the risk of HIV in the event of indicator disorders, stigma and difficulties in discussing the test with a patient. Also and more relevant for primary care than for the hospital, practical challenges can exist for a patient to go to a laboratory, or costs are a hurdle. This project focuses on improving HIV indicator condition driven testing in different settings of the HIV epidemic, initially in the Netherlands as low HIV prevalence setting followed by an assessment of its benefit in different international settings. A specific focus will also be on the Rotterdam area in the Netherlands which has a high prevalence of undiagnosed HIV in the Netherlands. The ultimate aim is to decrease the number of undiagnosed HIV in populations, improve the 90-90-90 HIV cascade of care goals particularly its first pillar, and to help supporting the UNAIDS goal to end HIV/AIDS

The participants are being asked to take part in this clinical trial, a type of research study, because the participants are scheduled to receive or have recently received a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or a solid organ transplant (SOT). Primary Objective To determine if pre-transplant screening for respiratory viral load predicts RVI within 1- year post-transplant among survivors. Secondary Objectives: To develop and validate a classifier based on pre-transplant immunological profile predictive of developing an acute respiratory viral infection (aRVI), with RSV/PIV3/HMPV/SARS-CoV-2 through one-year post-transplant among survivors. To develop and validate a classifier based on Day +100 post-transplant immunological profiles predictive of developing an acute respiratory viral infection (aRVI),with RSV/PIV3/HMPV/SARS-CoV-2 through one-year post-transplant among survivors .

Background: Infections caused by viruses are common causes of illnesses: the common cold, many ear infections, sore throats, chicken pox, and the flu are caused by different viruses. Usually, these illnesses last only few days or, at most, a few weeks. Some virus infections like influenza are cleared from the body, and others such as the chicken pox virus remain in the body in an inactive state. However, some people may become quite ill when they are infected with a particular virus, possibly because part of their immune system does not respond properly to fight the virus. Researchers have discovered some reasons why a person may not be able to clear an infection caused by a virus. Some persons have changes in the genes that involve the immune system that result in the inability to properly control infection with a particular virus. Identifying changes in genes that involve the immune system should help scientists better understand how the immune system works to protect people from infection and may help develop new therapies. Objectives: To study possible immune defects that may be linked to a particular severe viral infection. To determine if identified immune defects are genetic in origin. Eligibility: Individuals of any age who have or have had a diagnosis of a virus infection that physicians consider to be unusually severe, prolonged, or difficult to treat. Relatives of the participants with a severe viral infection may also participate in the study. We will use their blood and/or skin specimens to try to determine if identified immune defects are hereditary. Design: Prior to the study, the participant's doctor will give researchers the details of the infection, along with medical records for review. Eligible participants will be invited to the NIH Clinical Center for a full evaluation as an outpatient or inpatient. At the Clinical Center, participants will be treated with the best available therapy for the particular viral infection, and researchers will monitor how the infection responds to the treatment. Researchers will take intermittent blood samples and conduct other tests (such as skin biopsies) to evaluate the immune system. - During and after the illness, researchers will conduct follow-up visits to determine the course of infection and response to therapy.