Active clinical trials for "Virus Diseases"

This study aims to investigate the use of alpha-defensin as a diagnostic means to distinguish between acute bacterial and viral infections.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is the well-known manifestation of the chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The pathophysiology of BO is, however, poorly known. The available data strongly support the role of respiratory viruses, in particular paramyxoviruses (parainfluenzae virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus). It is likely that the alloimmune response triggered by the respiratory virus is inadequate and leads to the peribronchiolar fibrotic process. The objective is to analyze the kinetics of profiles of the blood and respiratory host responses resulting from a high or low parainfluenza respiratory infection, in order to evaluate if the occurrence of a BO is associated with a specific signature We will evaluate the predictive signature of a BO after a parainfluenza virus infection by characterizing the differences between the patients evolving and those not evolving to a BO at 2 months after the infection.

This study evaluates the newborns who had respiratory symptoms at the neonatal intensive care admission

A new strain of coronavirus that caused severe respiratory disease in infected individuals was initially identified in China's Wuhan City in December 2019. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was responsible for the corona virus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19).The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30,2020. The impact of COVID-19 in liver recipients remains largely unknown but accumulating experience is going on. Liver transplant recipients should have been classified as a risk group and should have received regular surveillance for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. Some reports suggest decreasing immunosuppression for infected recipients, if no recent rejection episodes. Paradoxically, others suggest that a reactive immune response might be the cause for severe tissue damage, and that immunosuppression might be protective from the postulated cytokine storm. Some studies stated that the LT patients who are permanently on immunosuppressants could be particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and their prognosis could be worse in comparison to the normal population. They recommended that LT recipients should be closely monitored for SARS-CoV-2. The LT society of India (LTSI) highlighted the potential of LT recipients as asymptomatic carriers and source of viral spread, and that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to LT recipients. There are insufficient data on the relationship between immunosuppressive therapy and COVID-19 in LT recipients during this pandemic. However, the Beijing working party for liver transplantation suggested that LT recipients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be treated with steroids for a short period to reduce the severity of pneumonia. They also suggested that immunosuppressive therapies should be continued for both patients with mild COVID-19 and those who were not infected by the virus, and calcineurin inhibitor treatment dosage should be reduced in moderate to severe cases. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) play an important role in virus clearance and have been considered as a key immune product for protection or treatment against viral diseases. Virus-specific NAbs, induced through either infection or vaccination, have the ability to block viral infection. SARS-CoV -2 specific NAbs reached their peak in patients from day 10-15 after the onset of the disease and remained stable thereafter in the patients. Antibodies targeting on different domains of S protein, including S1, RBD, and S2, may all contribute to the neutralization. Al-Rajhi Liver Center is the only liver transplantation center in Upper Egypt that performed only 51 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) cases since 2014, but it was used as isolation Hospital for COVID-19 cases from March to July, 2020. Communication with liver transplant cases during that period was via Telemedicine. Resuming usual Hospital activity as Tertiary Liver Center occurred in 15 August 2020. Similarly, other Hospitals in Egypt were designated as COVID-19 isolation Hospitals.

An observational study is carried out in the university population of the University of Salamanca to know the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the influence of physical exercise on the severity of symptoms.

SARS-CoV-2 transmission is frequently occurring in hospital settings, with numerous reported cases of nosocomial transmission highlighting the vulnerability of healthcare workers. If products proved to be efficacious against COVID-19, why are so many HCW getting COVID-19? Is it related to experience? Is it generated by the exhaustive job? Is there any degree of relationship to stress? These questions are still without fully correct answers. Achieving global benefits for HCW is still waiting.

COVID-19 (also known as Coronavirus) originated in the Wuhan China and has since spread to at least 159 countries around the world. It was declared a pandemic by the World health organisation on the 11th of March 2020. The cases in the United Kingdom continue to increase exponentially with up to 5 683 people diagnosed as on the 22nd of March 2020. It is estimated that 1 in 5 people diagnosed will require hospital admission and 1 in 20 intensive care treatment. By developing and improving diagnostic testing, we can accurately diagnose infected cases to triage appropriate treatments, identify individuals for quarantine in order to prevent transmission and obtain information regarding patient's immune systems. At present, the diagnostic test is a highly specific method of genetic amplification called 'Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction' or RT-PCR, which allows detection of very small amounts of genetic mutations caused by the COVID-19 virus. However, this method must be completed in highly specialised facilities, which are few and far between, increasing time to diagnosis (currently 48-72 hours), increasing exposure to non-infected individuals, and overburdening the analysing facilities. The ideal solution is a point of care (POC) test that can give results immediately. This study aims to harness the point of care technology of the SAMBA II device (Diagnostics for the Real World Ltd.), which is a CE-marked device that has been used with success in the identification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), by amplifying genetic material without the need to increase and decrease temperatures during the amplification process. In the COVIDx study, 200 patients meeting the Public Health England's (PHE) inpatient definition of having suspected COVID-19 will be approached, consented and a sample from throat and nasal swab (combined) or tracheal fluid taken and tested using the SAMBA II method. A combination of the standard PHE RT-PCR and an additional validated laboratory PCR technique will be used as a control in line with standard clinical practice. Patients will undergo an additional serum tests on existing samples as made available after routine clinical assessments to monitor antibody response. Patients will be followed for clinical outcomes at 28 days post-admission.

The Zika epidemic has spread into the three French Overseas Departments in the Caribbean (DFAs). It is therefore urgent to set up tools to collect clinical and paraclinical data for the evaluation of potential complications due to having ZIKV infection during pregnancy. This study is meant to collect, within usual care practices, clinical and paraclinical information (including imaging and laboratory results) as well as biological samples allowing the precise description of the consequences of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. This study is the 2nd arm of a global research program in the 3 French Overseas Departments in the Caribbean. It is complementary to the first arm (ZIKA-DFA-FE) consisting in the follow-up of women in the French Overseas Departments who are pregnant during the Zika epidemic period. The study population is made up of infants born during and up to 9 months after the end of the Zika epidemic period in the French Overseas Departments. The data and biological specimens collected for this project will be done so through the recommended standard of care which has been put in place considering the ZIKV epidemic in the 3 French Overseas Departments, upholding existing recommendations (profession and/or recommendation from the public health authorities)