Active clinical trials for "Weight Gain"

Breast milk is an extremely complex and highly variable biofliud that has evolved to nourish infants and protect them from disease whilst their own immune system matures. The composition of human breast milk changes in response to many factors, matching the infants requirement according to its age and other characteristics.

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are major public health problems. The second generation anti-psychotic drugs have efficacy for both positive and negative symptoms and a favorable risk profile as far as movement disorders. However, these drugs are associated with clinically significant weight gain and metabolic effects. The underlying mechanisms of these side effects are unclear, however in our preliminary studies with schizophrenic patients on atypical anti-psychotic drugs, we found that weight gain and vitamin D deficiency was present in about 50% of this population. Given the considerable heterogeneity among the patients on atypical anti-psychotics and potential for weight gain in vitamin D-deficient states, we propose that patients with schizophrenia who gain weight on atypical antipsychotic medications are vitamin D-deficient. This hypothesis will be tested in patients with schizophrenia receiving second-generation anti-psychotic drugs for a minimum duration of 4 months. Specific Aim: We predict that the patients with schizophrenia, who gain weight with antipsychotic treatment, are vitamin D-deficient compared to the patients who do not gain weight. We will examine circulating levels of serum 25(OH)D, mRNA transcripts and protein expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes, CYP24A and CYP27B, in the white blood cells of the subjects and correlate with BMI and the blood levels of leptin and adiponectin.

NCDs are observed mostly in adults, however there is strong evidence that suggests NCDs origin early in life, thus the first 1000 days of life (conception to age 2yrs). Studies show that maternal BMI before conception and during pregnancy predict future risk of obesity and associated metabolic conditions in both mother and offspring. Weight gain during the first two years of life is also critical in defining the infant's predisposition to obesity during adulthood. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of delivering a primary health care intervention to enhance compliance with updated nutrition and health care (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) standards from early pregnancy through the first year of life. Methods: cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), designed as a public health intervention "program effectiveness" study (i.e. intervention will be available through the established national health system under standard operating conditions). A cluster unit will be a primary health care centers (PHCC) in South-East Santiago 12 PHCC will be randomly allocated to: enhanced nutrition and health care (intervention group) or routine nutrition and health care (control group).We will recruit 200 women in each of 12 PHCC; assuming a 20% loss to f-up we will complete 960 women per arm. After randomization, pregnant women in the intervention PHCCs starting at their first pre-natal visit (< 15 wks.) will receive, diet and physical activity (PA) counseling-support based on updated recommendations and monitoring goals for weight gain & glycemic control and breastfeeding (BF) promotion till 12 m postpartum. Pregnant women who attend control PHCCs will receive routine antenatal care according to national guidelines. Expected results: participants in the intervention PHCCs will benefit by achieving adequate nutritional status & metabolic control, during and early after, pregnancy as well as adequate infant growth & development as a result of improved nutrition and health care practices. The results will likely be generalizable through the primary health care system; considering this is a "program effectiveness" trial conducted under "real life" conditions . Additionally, we will include specific ancillary mechanistic projects to better characterize the intervention and its impact.

Aim 1: To evaluate the effect of antipsychotic treatment group on Activity Energy Expenditure. The project hypothesizes that subjects treated with olanzapine will demonstrate a greater decrease in AEE over time than subjects treated with ziprasidone, due at least in part to sedating effects of olanzapine. Aim 2: To evaluate the effect of antipsychotic treatment group on Energy Intake. The project hypothesizes that subjects treated with olanzapine will demonstrate a greater increase in EI over time than subjects treated with ziprasidone, based on higher histamine type 1 (H1) receptor affinity of olanzapine and the relationship between H1 affinity and hunger and/or satiety.

Insulin has many disadvantages for mothers with GDM including the need to give injections, frequent daily testing for monitoring, and risks of hypoglycemia, increase in appetite, weight gain and high cost. Metformin, an oral biguanide, may be a more logical alternative to insulin for women with GDM who are unable to cope with the increasing insulin resistance of pregnancy. This study aim to compare maternal weight gain during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes, treated by insulin versus metformin.

This study was to construct and develop an application (APP) based on social-cognitive theory for overweight and obese women during pregnancy.

Retrospective analysis of 100 morbidly obese patients who underwent a transit bipartition (TB) procedure ("Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal bypass") for inadequate weight loss or weight recidivism after a previous sleeve gastrectomy. Data were collected prospectively in strictly pseudonymous form. The primary endpoint of the study is weight loss at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after TB. A subgroup analysis evaluates the effect of the length of the common channel. Secondary endpoints include impact on obesity related comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux) as well as safety.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common chronic liver disease. Considering that there are no approved pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modification is necessary and challenging to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with NAFLD. Cigarette smoking has a significant negative impact on public health, causing more than 480,000 deaths each year. Smoking has been reported as a risk factor for NAFLD and might accelerate liver disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with NAFLD quit smoking. However, smoking cessation could be complicated by weight gain. Thus, it is important to assess the impact of weight change after smoking cessation on patients with NAFLD. Proper management of post-cessation weight could maximize its health benefits. In this large-scale cohort study, the investigators aimed to assess the effects of smoking cessation and subsequent weight change on risks of incident T2DM in individuals with NAFLD.

This study aims to identify and quantify the factors associated with excess weight gain following treatment for breast cancer. It is believed that breast cancer patients gain more than 4% of their weight at diagnosis which is likely accompanied by an increase in body fat and waist circumference. It is further thought that this excess weight and increase in body fat and waist circumference are associated to tumour characteristics, chemotherapy, menopause status at diagnosis and the presence of genes related to obesity. It is also thought that women treated with chemotherapy have higher levels of glucose and insulin.

This is a randomized clinical trial for evaluate the impact of a nutritional intervention in the weight control of pregnant women according to the nutritional status, and consequently, the reduction of pregnancy complications. The sample of this study will be composed by 318 pregnant women in the pre-natal care unit of the Health Center in Viamão city / Rio Grande do Sul, including women between the 10th and 25th weeks of gestation, aged up to 35 years old. The eligible pregnant women will be invited by the fieldworks to participated in the trial after be informed about the overall aims of the study. These women willing to participate will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received specific guidelines about feeding practices appropriate to each nutritional status. Data on pregnant women will be collected through a questionnaire in both groups, and to assess the food intake, three 24-hour food recall will be applied in the interventional group and two recall in the control group, in initial and final gestational period. In all appointments pregnant women of the two groups will be weight and classified according to Body Mass Index of pre-gestational (BMI). The dietary advices will be elaborated by the author of the project and nutrition graduation students of Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre.