
Walking With FES or AFO in People With MS With Foot Drop
Multiple SclerosisFoot DropThis investigation consists of two parallel groups of participants who will follow the same protocol. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of using Functional Electrical Stimulation/Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) or splint as an assistive mobility device over a 12 week period in people with MS who experience foot drop. Patients who are clinically prescribed FES will be invited to participate in the FES arm of the study. Patients who are clinically prescribed an AFO will be invited to participate in the AFO arm. Participants will be asked to make four visits to the gait laboratory at Queen Margaret University. Four weeks before the start of device use (Baseline - 4 weeks), start of device use (Baseline), after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of device use. Participants' walking will assessed using computerised three dimensional motion analysis, which will provide a detailed description of the movements (kinematics) of the lower limbs. Participants will also be asked to carry out a 10 metre walk and a two minute walk. Both gait analysis and the walking performance tests will be carried out with and without an assistive device; apart from their first session where participants will only be assessed without their assistive device. Participants will be asked to wear an activity monitor for 7 days after each assessment. In addition participants will be asked to complete four short standardised questionnaires (MS walking scale, MS impact scale (MSIS-29), Fatigue severity score and the Leeds MS Quality of life score) at each assessment.

Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Immune Function and Cognition in MS Patients
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)Assessing the immune activation in MS patients deficient in Vitamin D and whether Vitamin D supplementation reverse the immune activation Evaluating whether Vitamin D deficiency result in lower cognitive performance in MS patients and the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on reversing the cognitive impairment?

Bladder Management in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Optimizing Practice Patterns
Multiple SclerosisUrinary Bladder DiseasesThis study will assess the impact of a systematic bladder health screening and disease education regimen as well as the implementation of a referral process on the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients with bladder dysfunction.

Detecting and Addressing Preclinical Disability
Back PainCoronary Artery Disease8 moreThe Physical Functioning Inventory (PFI) is a standardized patient reported outcome measure that assesses preclinical disability. Preclinical disability is a functional state in which people are still able to complete daily living tasks (e.g., walking, bathing) but are changing the frequency or modifying the way that they complete the tasks. The investigators have done some preliminary research using the PFI as an online monitoring tool (Richardson 2012), but further study is required to examine its psychometric properties and its suitability for use as a primary outcome measure. This measurement study has been designed to identify the optimal number of items on the PFI and to determine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the PFI when administered to a sample of adults and older adults both with and without chronic conditions. This project will also allow us to evaluate the use of self-monitoring of physical function and the added value of rehabilitation professionals to support self-monitoring. Using the results of the PFI, the investigators aim to develop a "tailored" population-based rehabilitation self-management intervention delivered through a secure messaging system in the patient's electronic personal health record (myOSCAR) that focuses on the early detection and prevention of preclinical disability.

Long-term Follow-up of Fingolimod Phase II Study Patients
Multiple SclerosisRelapsing Forms of Multiple SclerosisThis study collected follow-up data on approximately 90% of participants who were randomized and received one dose of study drug in FTY720D2201 (D2201). No study drug was given or required. Participants were required to be assessed at one or two visits, preferably at the original study site, but the option to be interviewed via phone or seen at home was provided. Information was gathered also on deceased participants. Assessments were performed only once within an 8 week period and included medical history, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Therapy (MS DMT) history, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).

Cognitive Evolution in Tysabri Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Multiple SclerosisThis study is designed to evaluate the effect of Tysabri on cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. During a period of 24 months, the study will assess the evolution of cognitive function in Tysabri treated MS patients using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the CogState battery of tests.

A Longitudinal Study of Brain Atrophy in MS Patients Over 5 Years
Multiple SclerosisThe primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of using Tysabri on changes in the brain using MRI and on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis over 5 years.

Fall Prevention Program for Non-ambulatory Wheeled Mobility Device Users Living With MS
Multiple SclerosisA research study to examine the effectiveness of a fall management program to prevent falls and develop fall recovery strategies for wheeled mobility device users living with Multiple Sclerosis.

Use of the Nine Holes Peg Test in Multiple Sclerosis: Participation of Elementary Neurological Components...
Multiple SclerosisThis study lies in the continuity of the study with identification number NCT02805634. It will be performed on the same group of patients and will aim to assess the manual dexterity, in order to better assign kinesitherapy treatments and increase the utilisation capacity of the hand.

Quantitation of McArdle's Sign and Evaluation of Specificity for Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple SclerosisThe study is designed to quantitate McArdle's sign, an increase in measurable weakness with neck flexion described in patients with multiple sclerosis, and to determine whether it is or is not specific for multiple sclerosis.