Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

To reduce the risk of aspiration for elective procedures, residual gastric volumes (RGV) have traditionally been minimized with overnight fasting. However, prolonged fasting can also have some adverse consequences and has been abandoned for some procedures in several patient populations with the exception of obese and/or diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess RGV in morbidly obese diabetic patients after traditional or abbreviated fasting.

The objective is to develop an organotypic model to assess the effects of obesity on the expression and methylation status of estrogen-responsive genes in endometrial cancer. Omental fat samples will be removed from participants during surgery and these fat samples will be used in laboratory analyses.

Insulin resistance is closely correlated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Adipokines may play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, which are a link between obesity and obesity-related disorders.C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are novel adipokine that modulates the action of insulin in various diseases. This study addressed the relationship between CTRP3, RBP4 and IR in newly diagnosed obesity and essential hypertension.

The purpose of this study is to retrospectively and systematically review records of overweight and obese Medifast Weight Control Center (MWCC) members who have been assigned to the 5 & 2 & 2 Plan or the 4 & 2 & 1 Plan for weight loss to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of these programs. The study will describe demographics of this population, along with weight loss, anthropometrics, body composition and effects on available cardiovascular parameters. Adherence to the plans will also be examined. The study hypothesis is that the 5 & 2 & 2 Meal Replacement Plan and the 4 & 2 & 1 Meal Replacement Plan are both effective programs for weight loss in overweight and obese adults.

The purpose of the GRECO study were to: a) to provide national data on overweight and obesity prevalence in a representative sample of primary schoolchildren aged 10-12 years old, b) to identify those socio-economic, demographic factors, as well as dietary and physical activity habits and familial characteristics that are associated with childhood and preadolescent overweight and obesity, c) to identify lifestyle and dietary patterns that are associated with elevated blood pressure levels and dietary sodium intake.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of the levonorgestrel (LNG) only emergency contraceptive (EC) regimen and on markers of ovulation Primary hypothesis: 1) Obese users of LNG-EC have a pharmacokinetic profile that is consistent with a larger volume of distribution of LNG. Secondary hypothesis: Alterations in these pharmacokinetic parameters of the LNG-EC regimen in obese women affect the primary mechanism of action, which is inhibition of ovulation. Obesity may affect other factors that alter levels of LNG, such as sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin, which bind LNG and potentially lowers the amount of free LNG.

Insulin resistance is one of the main mechanisms involved in metabolic diseases. inflammation has been implicated in its pathogenesis, due to innate immunity activation by free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lactate. Free fatty acids, LPS and lactate activate innate immunity in squelettal muscle and adipose tissue via Toll-like receptor 2/4, NFkB, IRF3 (Interferon Responsive Factor 3) and cytokines secretion (TNFa, IFN g, IL1b, IL6), chemokines secretion (MCP1) and leukotrienes (LTB4). Feed back mechanisms involved in TLR signaling pathways as RLI (ribonuclease L inhibitor)/ABCE1, have never been studied in inflammation due to obesity. RLI inhibits an endoribonuclease, RNase L, which has been recently implicated in TLR signaling The purpose of this study is to analyse the role of RLI and RNase L in TLR regulation, and its potential implication in the link between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue and squeletal muscle in humans.

The study aims at describing the acute and subacute changes after Roux-en-Y (RYGB) gastric bypass in insulin secretion from the beta cell and glucagon secretion from the alpha cell as well as the stimulatory effect of the incretins on the pancreatic islets. RYGB is a bariatric procedure that changes the gastrointestinal anatomy and has been demonstrated to cause remission of type 2 diabetes shortly after the operation, before any significant weight loss. The altered transit of nutrient through the gastrointestinal tract after the operation is thought to play a key role in this remission and studies have shown significant changes in the secretion of gut hormones, namely the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). However it is unknown whether the secretory function of the pancreatic islets as well as the stimulatory effect of the incretin hormones is changes postoperatively.

Obesity is now becoming significantly prevalent of an environment characterized by easily available calorics foods combined with sedentary lifestyles. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that obesity is associated with metabolic complications such as disturbed adipocytokines, hormones secreted by adipose tissue. Given these observations, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention focused on various physical activities and nutrition education on adipocytokines hormones, in severely obese teenagers.

Obesity is a chronic condition with fat-rich diets playing a major role in its etiology. Pharmacological therapy has been proposed for weight loss and maintenance. This study aims to study the intestinal lipase blockade by partial inhibition of fat absorption after treatment with two commercials formulations of Orlistat.