Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

This research was planned to determine the level of nesfatin-1, known as satiety hormone, in type 2 diabetes, insulin diabetes and obesity patients and to determine whether there is a relationship between patients' energy intake levels. Additionally, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between patients' nesfatin-1 values and serum glucose, insulin, lipid concentrations.

According to statistics from the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), taking into account the definition of overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Fort (IOTF), the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in European children aged 7 to 17 years is 16-22% and the prevalence of obesity is 4-6%. Some review studies3 and meta-analysis4,5 have reported an inverse relationship between dairy products consumption and the prevalence or incidence of overweight and obesity. However, some methodological issues arise from these analyses. For instance, the combination of studies with different exposures (e.g. full fat milk, total milk) in the total dairy product analysis. Moreover, since the publication of the lasts meta-analysis in 2016, new epidemiological studies evaluating the association between dairy product consumption and overweight or obesity risk have been published. Objective The aim of this work is to systematically review and assess the associations between total dairy consumption and its different subtypes with the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Intraoperative lung protective ventilation strategies using standardized tidal volumes based on predicted body weight have proven beneficial, but attempts to standardize positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings have not robustly accounted for body habitus or dynamic surgical conditions. Laparoscopic abdominal surgery in Trendelenburg (head-down) is an increasingly common surgical modality that presents a unique physiological challenge to the pulmonary system. In order to delineate the impact of body habitus, pneumoperitoneum, and surgical positioning on intraoperative pulmonary mechanics we conducted an observational study of patients undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic abdominal surgery in Trendelenburg position. Using esophageal manometry, we partitioned the mechanical properties of the respiratory system into its lung and chest wall components and evaluated the effects of pneumoperitoneum, surgical position, and body mass index (BMI) on transpulmonary pressures, airway and transpulmonary driving pressures, and lung elastance. We hypothesized that increasing BMI would be associated with evidence of increasing atelectasis, increased driving pressures, and elevated lung elastance and that these changes would be exacerbated by pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg positioning.

Osteosarcopenic Obesity (OSO) is a syndrome characterized by the loss of bone and muscle in addition to increase in the fat tissue as a result of aging process. It is the latest point of impairment in the bone,muscle and adipose tissue in older adults. OSO, as the name suggests, is the combination of three syndrome frequently encountered in the elderly: osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. The aims of study are to determine the prevalence of OSO syndrome in community-dwelling adults of Turkey and determine the possible factors regarding risk of falling in this population

Introduction and Purpose: Obesity is an increasing public health problem all over the world. Obesity is a proinflammatory multisystemic disease defined as hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipose tissue. Obesity is frequently encountered in elective and emergency surgical procedures and causes more difficulties in airway management. Difficult airway, characterized by difficult mask ventilation and difficult intubation, is especially common in obese and morbidly obese patients. Some studies show that the measurement of anterior neck soft tissue thickness at the level of the vocal cords plays an important role in estimating difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients. Difficult intubation is envisaged in patients with pretracheal soft tissue thickness of 28 mm and neck circumference of more than 50 cm at the level of the vocal cord. In this prospective observational study, it is aimed to measure the preoperative anterior cervical soft tissue thickness with 3 parameters by USG in obese patients undergoing elective surgery, and to evaluate the relationship of these values with the Han Scale and Cormack-Lehane classification and their effectiveness as an indicator of difficult airway.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive chronic condition associated with a high morbi-mortality that has a considerable impact on healthcare resources. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are incretin mimetics that have been shown to improve glycemic control with a low associated risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, previous studies have linked the use of GLP-1RA with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events and kidney disease progression. Despite these positive results, GLP1-RA´s prescription, following the failure of treatment with metformin monotherapy or dual therapy, remains low in Spain compared to other countries in our milieu. Furthermore, the use of this therapeutic class is not homogeneous across the different autonomous communities in Spain, and, no objective justification for these differences seems to exist. Consequently, there is a need to understand which are the benefits associated with the use of GLP-1RA, versus intensification with other oral agents, in real-life conditions. In this study, the impact of the use of GLP-1RA on clinical outcomes such as all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes as well as severe hypoglycemia will be evaluated based on the analysis of longitudinal databases that collect the variables of interest generated in a real-life scenario. In addition, both persistence and adherence to treatment in patients treated with GLP-1RA and its impact on the clinical outcomes of interest will be studied. Finally, therapeutic inertia will be analyzed. All these data will contribute to generating cost-effective strategies aimed at improving health outcomes among T2D patients in our setting, reinforcing persistence and adherence to the prescribed treatment, and reducing therapeutic inertia in this group of patients. Since the use of GLP-1RA versus intensification with other oral agents has been associated with better glycemic control, and, when compared to intensification with basal insulin, with a lower incidence of severe hypoglycemia, we hypothesized that T2D adults treated with GLP-1RA would present a lower incidence of cardiovascular and renal outcomes and fewer hospitalizations due to severe hypoglycemia events as well as a decreased all-cause mortality. On the other hand, patients on GLP-1RA who would present greater persistence and adherence to treatment should experience fewer cardiovascular and renal outcomes and lower mortality compared to those with less persistence and adherence. Finally, it is possible that the type of GLP-1RA and the mode of administration, weekly versus daily, may influence adherence, persistence and therapeutic inertia in this group of patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive-aged women， which associated with increased risks to develop metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular diseases. The precise pathogenesis of PCOS remains unknown but is thought to be multifactorial, comprising genetic and environmental factors .

Background: One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an emerging type of bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS). Our study aimed to evaluate the short-term (≤30-day) postoperative safety of OAGB. Methods: Electronic medical records of all OAGBs performed between January 2017 and December 2021 at a high-volume bariatric center in Israel were scanned using the MDClone software. Data regarding patients' characteristics, surgical procedure, ≤30-day postoperative complications, and their classification according to Clavien-Dindo grade were gathered. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to early postoperative complications after OAGB. Results: A total of 6,722 patients underwent a primary (74.1%) or revisional (25.9%) OAGB procedure at our institution during the study period. Their preoperative mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 40.6±11.5 years and 41.2±4.6 kg/m2, respectively, and 75.0% were females. Respective mean operating time and length of stay were 67.3±26.6 minutes and 2.2±1.4 days. Complications occurred in 258 patients (3.8%), and include mainly bleeding (n=133, 2.0%), leaks (n=32, 0.5%), and obstruction/strictures (n=19, 0.3%). According to Clavien-Dindo classification, complication rate for grades 1-2 and grades 3a-5 were 1.6%; and 1.4%, respectively. The mortality rate was 0.03% (n=2). The rate of readmission and reoperation were 1.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Age ≥60 years, ≥3 hours of operating room time, and cholecystectomy concomitant with OAGB were independent predictors of early post-OAGB complications. Conclusions: OAGB was found to be a safe primary and revisional BMS procedure in the ≤30-day postoperative term. The most common early complications were gastrointestinal bleeding (2.0%), leak (0.5%), and stricture (0.3%).

Obesity and asthma share changes that may begin in the fetal development phase. The endophenotype obesity-asthma presents as main characteristic a pattern of inflammatory response different from the habitual Th2 profile of cytokines. In these obese patients, possible changes in the diaphragm muscle can directly influence the dynamics of pulmonary ventilation significantly. Due to the importance of the diaphragm in pulmonary ventilation, this study will be performed to verify possible alteration in the excursion and diaphragmatic thickness of adolescents with endophenotype obesity-asthma. In parallel, the possible underlying etiopathogenic substrate of this endophenotype will be explored through the dosing of muscle enzymes and inflammatory cytokines and obesity hormones.

This program is a non-diet approach to obesity prevention for older adolescents which does not promote following a special diet to manage weight; it promotes healthy behavior associated with obesity prevention. This approach is important with youth and older adolescent populations to avoid impairment in emotional well-being associated with body dissatisfaction. Healthy weight status will be achieved by improving dietary intake patterns, increasing physical activity, and improving stress management. Fall of year 01 was devoted to the recruitment of student partners (intense intervention group) and the development of partnerships. In the spring of year 01, recruited students were enrolled in two newly developed undergraduate courses across four intervention state partners, became collegiate 4-H members, planned a social marketing campaign, and/or learned to be peer mentors or student researchers. In year 02, first year college students were recruited, peer mentors were matched with a group of first year students, and the developed social marketing campaign was pilot tested on four college campuses (diffuse intervention) by the collegiate 4-H teams. In year 02, a toolkit with 24 weeks of intervention activities was also refined. In year 03, the collegiate 4-H team (intense intervention group) used the refined toolkit to test and implement the intervention on college campuses. In year 03, the assessment process for high school 4-H students (intense intervention group) will be pilot tested and college students will work with the high school students on adapting the toolkit for use in the implementation of the social marketing campaign in high school settings in year 04 (diffuse intervention). ). In year 04, the pilot and feasibility tested college intervention was tested with a randomized control trial design with 30 intervention and 29 control university partners. The adapted high school toolkit was pilot and feasibility tested in three intervention and two control high school settings. In year 05, the high school intervention was tested with a randomized control trial design with 9 intervention and 7 control high schools in one district's high schools. On all measures it is anticipated that participants in the intensive intervention group will have greater improvements than those in the diffuse intervention group and both intensive and diffuse intervention groups will have improvements over those in the control groups.