Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This study will determine whether three manufacturing lots of V419 (PR5I) induce similar immune responses to all of the antigens contained in V419 when given concomitantly with Prevnar13™ and RotaTeq™.

The majority of elderly patients with a displaced fracture of the proximal femur are now treated with a hemiarthroplasty. Prosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication, and the infection rate is high in this group of elderly patients. Local application of gentamicin produces high antibiotic concentrations in the wound. The aim of this study is to determine whether locally administered collagen-gentamicin in the joint perioperatively in addition to routine IV prophylaxis with beta-lactam antibiotics can reduce the early postoperative infection rate (< 4 weeks postoperative)after hemiarthroplasty in proximal femoral fractures.

Polyomavirus BK nephropathy is a serious complication after renal transplantation leading to graft loss in 40% of cases. Since no virustatic drug exists, the investigators want to study the best way to manage viral invasion by changing the immunosuppressive treatment comparing two treatment schemes. The investigators hypothesis is that switching to an mTOR-based scheme is superior to a general decrease of a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based scheme. The study will be performed as a prospective, randomized, parallel group comparison.

Impact exerted by intestinal parasitic infections is much higher in developing countries. School-aged children are at higher risk from the burden of disease, because they specially have many parasitic infections. The poor health results in deficits in physical and cognitive development and educational achievements. Nowadays, there is huge commitment among the global community to control intestinal parasitic infections and to improve nutritional status of young children in developing countries. Large-scale anthelminthic drug administration through vertical control programmes is still required for the foreseeable future and is, therefore, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, due to the inevitability of re-infection in endemic areas, children need to be treated regularly, and once morbidity control is consolidated, the strategy must shift to transmission control emphasising access to clean water and adequate sanitation. To lower dependency on 'drug only' approach and to enhance sustainability, from the onset of control activities, complementary measures should be implemented, that depend on available resources. Therefore, the investigators are proposing to undertake a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of simple and easy-to-do hand hygiene intervention packages (hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping) on intestinal parasitic infection prevalence, intensity and re-infection rates and on haemoglobin concentration and anaemia prevalence rates among 6-15 years old schoolchildren. Our results will provide solid evidence on if and how hand hygiene practice affects infection prevalence and re-infection rates, as well as, anaemia prevalence among the highly vulnerable age group.

In this research, the investigators want to see if early detection of HIV infection can be improved by testing young adults who seek urgent health care from pharmacies and healthcare facilities with symptoms similar to those people get with recent HIV infection. Specific objectives: What proportion of people presenting with these symptoms are HIV positive at the point of seeking urgent health care? What proportion of those who test negative or where the result is unclear (one rapid test positive and one negative) at first rapid HIV testing, will test positive two weeks later? What is the best way (SMS, phone call or home visit) to remind people to come for the second test after two weeks? Will young adults who seek urgent health care for fever, body pains, diarrhoea or an STD from pharmacies or health facilities find it acceptable to be invited for an HIV-1 test at the time of health care seeking? Hypotheses Targeted screening for AHI among patients seeking health care for symptoms compatible with AHI or sexually transmitted disease (STD) will identify AHI cases in more than 1% of those screened. Intense follow-up of patients evaluated for AHI will improve rates of repeat HIV-1 testing 2-4 weeks after initial health-care seeking, relative to standard practice (i.e., recommendation to return for testing on a given date).

We propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Skin intervention, compared to an assessment-only condition (both groups receive rapid HIV testing, a review of testing results, and brief HIV prevention counseling) among 350 injection drug users recruited during an acute medical hospitalization at Boston Medical Center. In the general hospital setting, injection drug users who otherwise might not seek care are accessible and teachable, and the presence of a drug-related illness can set the stage for patients to be more receptive to interventions2. We hypothesize that the Skin intervention will produce better outcomes at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month(s) post-intervention.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Valacyclovir treatment, administered during pregnancy after proven primary maternal Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, reduces fetal transmission rates and prevents fetal injury in cases of fetal infection.

This study will investigate whether the placement of silver impregnated dressings beginning in the OR will improve wound healing in patients undergoing cesarean delivery compared to traditional Telfa pads. This study will also explore the presumed improvement in scar integrity when silver impregnated dressings are used compared to the Telfa pads. The study will compare the percentage of patients who develop a surgical site infection after application of silver impregnated dressings versus standard Telfa dressings. Investigators will also assess the cosmetic appearance and pain of the cesarean section scar at the patient's one week and 6 week post-operative visits.

This protocol is a phase I study. Patients may be eligible for an infusion of Multi-virus Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) if they received a T-cell depleted (TCD) transplant from a related family member or an unrelated donor. Recipients of these types of transplants are severely immune compromised during the early post-transplant period and are more susceptible to certain viruses. The investigators hypothesize that the adoptive transfer of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) against certain viruses: Adenovirus, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr Virus (Ad, CMV, and EBV) will be safe with regard to producing graft versus host disease (GVHD) or other infusion related toxicities.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 14 days nutritional supplementation with Ready to use therapeutic Food (RUTF) or micronutrients alone to children having an infection will prevent malnutrition and reduce the frequency of morbidity.