Active clinical trials for "Neoplasms"

The investigators plan to understand a comprehensive molecular profiling via the plasma, with the primary aim of using this form on analysis to guide subsequent treatment selection. This study will provide a better understanding of ALK resistance in the treatment of Asian lung cancers and allow for improved clinical outcomes by 'matching' the secondary mutations to an ALK inhibitor which would allow for the greatest coverage ultimately leading to lasting duration of response.

The study aims to detect pattern of expression of PHF19 gene and EZH2 gene deletion in acute myeloid leukemia patients and detect their prognostic role on patients outcome.

The management of patients with malignant hemopathy is based on comprehensive management. In this context and faced with the various difficulties encountered by cancer patients, the question of spirituality and its experience is central. Spirituality refers to the person's attachment to what inspires and gives him foundation, as well as the beliefs, values, and existential experiences associated with it, whether these are religious in nature or not. Although the concept has been identified as a resource in the literature and widely treated in an end-of-life context, assessing the needs of patients with hematological cancer and their loved ones in terms of spirituality from the initiation of treatment does not has not been developed

The limited evidence on the value of portal vein resection in patients with borderline resectable and/or locally advanced PanNENs is an incentive to carry out a retrospective multicentre study amongst centres with specific interest in the management of PanNENs and with experience on vascular reconstruction. Unlike previous studies on pancreatic cancer, it is more difficult to standardise the comparative parameters as the definition of borderline resectable disease has never been published for PanNENs. Similarly, different histological classifications make impossible to collect data exclusively on T3 tumours. Therefore, we aim to compare the short and long-term outcomes (including the impact of the histological depth of vascular invasion on survival) between patients undergoing standard PD and PD with portal vein resection for PanNENs, (regardless of T stage), by collecting and analysing retrospective data in this single centre study

The purpose of this study is to determine the indicative value of "high risk" molecular typing in patients with adult T lymphoblastic lymphoma

In this feasibility study (non-randomized), the applicability of a new "moving cell" biliary stents (by HILZO) in Klatskin tumors (bile duct obstruction) will be investigated. The HILZO Moving-Cell Stent to be examined here is a non-coated metal stent with a novelty. The meshes have a diameter of 4 mm, which is rather small compared to most other stents. This significantly increases the radial force and thus the stability of the stent. Furthermore, ingrowth by tumors in the stent is difficult. The special feature is that the individual meshes can easily be stretched to 10 mm without changing the stability of the stent. This allows a second stent to pass through the first to another segment of liver.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a suboptimal response to standard therapies that modestly impact survival due to its ability to evade host immune surveillance. Emerging evidence has shown that the co-inhibitory receptors, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1), play a critical role in cancer immune-editing. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint that is often activated in cancer and plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancer. The advent of immunotherapy, with checkpoint inhibitors, which block PD-L1 interaction between tumor cells and activated T cells, has significantly altered the treatment algorithm for several solid tumors. However, the clinicopathologic significance and prognostic value of PD-L1 in PDAC remains controversial. The main technical ground may be that PDAC PD-L1 expression quantification is limited to surgical resection specimens and dependent on specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests. In addition, PD-L1 expression has not been extensively assessed before surgery in treatment-naive PDAC patients, due to the current IHC test requirement for a histologic rather than a cytologic evaluation. However, a recent study showed that EUS-fine needle biopsy (FNB) can successfully determine primary pancreas malignancy PD-L1 status. One recently identified subtype within the genomic landscape of PDAC is the mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumor. Evaluation of dMMR status is particularly important following the FDA approval of the PD-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or dMMR PDAC that have progressed following prior treatment, and have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. The objectives of the project will include the assessment of tumor PD-L1/dMMR expression in patients with PDAC using EUS-FNB samples and the prospective correlation of MMR status and PD-L1 expression with overall survival and progression-free survival of PDAC patients.

Parotid gland tumors are mostly treated surgically, but the extent of parotidectomy is decided upon preoperative work-up information. Preoperative management generally includes clinical evaluation, collection of a pathological sample, most often through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and imaging. FNAC, despite its high sensitivity and specificity, has the drawback of an approximately 20 per cent rate of nondiagnostic or indeterminate result. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the best morphological description of the lesion, which is helpful to the surgeon for the planning of the intervention. Recently, advanced functional techniques have been introduced, in association to the conventional morphologic ones: diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI) demonstrated the ability to provide information about the possible histological origin of parotid lesions. Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) comes from the combination of anatomical and functional sequences. The Authors postulate that mp-MRI evaluation may be able to provide information not only about the extension of the lesion, but also about histology, with a high accuracy, at least comparable to ultrasound-guided FNAC. In the present study, the Authors aim to define the value of FNAC and mp-MRI in the preoperative management of parotid gland tumors, comparing their success intended as the capability of the exam to be both diagnostic and accurate in formulating the correct histological suspect of malignancy. Participants are patients affected by parotid gland neoplasms, candidates for surgical resection. The lesion will preoperatively be assessed with both clinical evaluation, ultrasound-guided FNAC and mp-MRI in our Institution. Mp-MRI includes conventional sequences, DWI and DCEI; its interpretation will allow the definition of the suspect histology. FNAC and mp-MRI suspects will be compared to the final histopathological report after surgical removal of the neoplasm. The study considers a total of 100 patients, of whom 50 are analyzed retrospectively (being already operated after obtaining both FNAC and mp-MRI preoperatively) and the remaining 50 to be enrolled prospectively.

We aim to experiment and implement various deep learning architectures in order to achieve human-level accuracy in Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In particular, we are interested in detecting renal tumors from CT urography scans in this project. We would like to classify renal tumor to cancer, non cancer, renal cyst I, renal cyst II, renal cyst III and renal cyst VI, with high sensitivity and low false positive rate using various types of convolutional neural networks (CNN). This task can be considered as the first step in building CAD systems for renal cancer diagnosis. Moreover, by automating this task, we can significantly reduce the time for the radiologists to create large-scale labeled datasets of CT-urography scans.

The aim of the study is the assessment of tumour sites critical for the achievement of optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer using Ultrasound, CT and WB-DWI/MRI. The study uses an equivalence design with a hypothesis that cases with non-resectable disease identified by Index test (Ultrasound, CT and WB-DWI MRI) are equivalent to a portion of cases identified during surgery.