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Impact of Carbohydrate Co-ingestion on the Post-prandial Anabolic Response of Protein in Young and Elderly Men (PRO-CARB)

Primary Purpose

Sarcopenia

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Netherlands
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Protein
Protein + carbohydrate
Sponsored by
Maastricht University Medical Center
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Sarcopenia focused on measuring muscle metabolism, intrinsically labeled protein, protein synthesis, insulin, perfusion

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 85 Years (Adult, Older Adult)MaleAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion criteria:

  • Males
  • Age 70-85 years or Age 18-30 years
  • BMI < 30 kg∙m2

Exclusion criteria:

  • Diabetes
  • HbA1c > 7.0%
  • Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)
  • Diagnosed impaired renal or liver function
  • All co-morbidities interacting with mobility and muscle metabolism of the lower limbs (e.g. arthrosis, arthritis, spasticity/rigidity, all neurological disorders and paralysis).
  • Hypertension (according to WHO criteria) (36)
  • Use of anticoagulants, blood diseases, allergy for lidocain
  • Use of NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid
  • Use of gastric acid inhibitors
  • Patients suffering from PKU (Phenylketonuria)
  • Participation in any regular exercise program
  • Unstable body weight over the last 3 months

Sites / Locations

  • Maastricht University

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm 3

Arm 4

Arm Type

Experimental

Experimental

Experimental

Experimental

Arm Label

GROUP 1 (OLD-PRO)

GROUP 2 (OLD-PRO/CARB)

GROUP 3 (YOUNG-PRO)

GROUP 4 (YOUNG-PRO/CARB)

Arm Description

test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein alone

test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein and carbohydrate

test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein alone

test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein and carbohydrate

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Change from fasted state in Muscle protein synthesis rate (expressed as Fractional Synthetic Rate, FSR) at different time points postprandial

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change from fasted state in Whole body protein balance at different time ponits postprandial
Change from fasted state in Microvascular perfusion at different time points postprandial
Change from fasted state in Digestion kinetics of dietary intrinsically labeled protein at different time points postprandial
Change from fasted state in Absorption kinetics of dietary intrinsically labeled protein at different time points postprandial

Full Information

First Posted
August 9, 2011
Last Updated
April 12, 2012
Sponsor
Maastricht University Medical Center
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT01576848
Brief Title
Impact of Carbohydrate Co-ingestion on the Post-prandial Anabolic Response of Protein in Young and Elderly Men
Acronym
PRO-CARB
Official Title
Impact of Carbohydrate Co-ingestion on the Post-prandial Anabolic Response of Protein in Young and Elderly Men
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
April 2012
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
August 2011 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
March 2012 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
March 2012 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Maastricht University Medical Center

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Rationale: Age related muscle loss (sarcopenia) is assumed to be related to the impaired postprandial muscle protein synthetic response to protein and/or amino acid administration in the elderly vs the young. Co-ingestion of carbohydrate increases post-prandial insulin secretion. Insulin affects skeletal muscle blood flow and may therefore affect substrate availability and postprandial muscle protein synthesis. However, it is unclear whether the response to the combined intake of protein and carbohydrates is different in elderly compared to young subjects. Hypothesis: Adding carbohydrate to a bolus of protein represents an effective strategy to overcome the impaired postprandial muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. Objective: The primary objective of the study is to investigate whether carbohydrate co-ingestion augments the in vivo postprandial muscle protein synthetic response after protein ingestion and whether this response is different between young and elderly subjects. The secondary objective of the study is to assess the effect of carbohydrate co-ingestion on insulin levels and microvascular perfusion in young and elderly subjects. Intervention: The intervention consists of a single test day during which the subjects will receive a drink containing 20 gram intrinsically labelled casein with or without 60 gram carbohydrates. In addition, continuous intravenous tracer infusions of labeled amino acids will be administered. During the test day 18 plasma samples and 4 muscle biopsies will be collected over a period of 8½ h. Furthermore, muscle skeletal blood flow will be estimated using sidestream darkfield imaging (SDF) in sublingual position.
Detailed Description
With human aging, there is a gradual but progressive decline in skeletal muscle tissue, also known as sarcopenia . Sarcopenia is accompanied by a reduced physical performance, the loss of functional capacity, increased risk of falling and increased likelihood of developing chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Eventually this also results in increased hospitalisation and institutionalization of elderly in nursing homes, and high health care costs. Therefore, it is important to investigate approaches to diminish the loss of skeletal muscle mass during aging. To preserve muscle mass, protein intake is important, because it provides the building blocks for muscle tissue: amino acids. Since basal muscle protein synthesis rates do not seem to differ between young and elderly, currently many research groups focus on postprandial muscle protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis has been shown to be highly dependent on protein intake. However, recent data indicate that the muscle protein synthetic response to protein intake is attenuated in the elderly. A blunted postprandial muscle protein synthetic response over a prolonged period might result in diminished muscle protein accretion and could eventually contribute to sarcopenia. The anabolic response to protein intake appears to be mainly mediated by an elevation of plasma essential amino acids. In addition, ingestion of carbohydrate leads to an attenuation of muscle protein breakdown by virtue of an elevation in plasma insulin, further promoting positive net protein balance. This is mediated by insulin's known action of increasing muscle blood flow and thereby augmenting muscle substrate delivery, which may lead to further stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. It has been shown that there is an insulin resistance with respect to muscle protein anabolism in elderly compared to young subjects during conditions of high plasma amino acid and insulin availability. This suggests that the reduced ability of insulin to augment muscle microvascular perfusion decreases the amino acid stimulus. In the present study the investigators will assess the effect of a single meal-like amount of intact protein with or without carbohydrates on post-prandial muscle protein synthesis in the elderly (70-85 y) compared to the young (18 - 30 y). Furthermore, the investigators are going to investigate whether the muscle protein synthetic response is associated with an increase in the microvascular perfusion after ingestion of the meal using Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging. SDF measurements will be taken in de oral cavity underneath the tongue, since this area is easily accessible and is representative for microvascular perfusion. To be able to measure the effect of protein ingestion on muscle protein synthesis the investigators will use intrinsically labelled casein. This allows us to determine the true incorporation of amino acids from the ingested, intact casein into the muscle, taken into account the influence of digestion and absorption processes of a whole protein. Intrinsically labelled milk proteins were derived from milk that has been collected from cows that were infused with L-[1-13C] phenylalanine. The following hypotheses will be investigated: The combined intake of protein and carbohydrates augments post-prandial muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, but not in the young subjects. The increased insulin production following the combined intake of protein and carbohydrates results in an increased microvascular perfusion that is related to the post-prandial muscle protein synthetic response.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Sarcopenia
Keywords
muscle metabolism, intrinsically labeled protein, protein synthesis, insulin, perfusion

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
ParticipantInvestigator
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
48 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
GROUP 1 (OLD-PRO)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein alone
Arm Title
GROUP 2 (OLD-PRO/CARB)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein and carbohydrate
Arm Title
GROUP 3 (YOUNG-PRO)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein alone
Arm Title
GROUP 4 (YOUNG-PRO/CARB)
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
test drink contains intrinsically labeled protein and carbohydrate
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
Protein
Other Intervention Name(s)
Intrinsically labelled casein
Intervention Description
Subjects will receive a drink containing 20 gram intrinsically labelled casein. Half of the subject are young males (YOUNG)(age between 18 and 35 y) and half of the subjects are elderly males (OLD)(age between 70 and 85 y).
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
Protein + carbohydrate
Other Intervention Name(s)
Casein plus dextrose monohydrate and maltodextrin
Intervention Description
subjects will receive a drink containing 20 gram intrinsically labelled casein plus 60 gram carbohydrates. Half of the subject are young males (YOUNG)(age between 18 and 35 y) and half of the subjects are elderly males (OLD)(age between 70 and 85 y).
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change from fasted state in Muscle protein synthesis rate (expressed as Fractional Synthetic Rate, FSR) at different time points postprandial
Time Frame
Participants will be followed in a fasted state over 2 hours and in a postprandial state over 5 hours
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change from fasted state in Whole body protein balance at different time ponits postprandial
Time Frame
Participants will be followed in a fasted state over 2 hours and in a postprandial state over 5 hours
Title
Change from fasted state in Microvascular perfusion at different time points postprandial
Time Frame
Participants will be followed in a fasted state over 2 hours and in a postprandial state over 5 hours
Title
Change from fasted state in Digestion kinetics of dietary intrinsically labeled protein at different time points postprandial
Time Frame
Participants will be followed in a fasted state over 2 hours and in a postprandial state over 5 hours
Title
Change from fasted state in Absorption kinetics of dietary intrinsically labeled protein at different time points postprandial
Time Frame
Participants will be followed in a fasted state over 2 hours and in a postprandial state over 5 hours

10. Eligibility

Sex
Male
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
85 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion criteria: Males Age 70-85 years or Age 18-30 years BMI < 30 kg∙m2 Exclusion criteria: Diabetes HbA1c > 7.0% Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) Diagnosed impaired renal or liver function All co-morbidities interacting with mobility and muscle metabolism of the lower limbs (e.g. arthrosis, arthritis, spasticity/rigidity, all neurological disorders and paralysis). Hypertension (according to WHO criteria) (36) Use of anticoagulants, blood diseases, allergy for lidocain Use of NSAIDs and acetylsalicylic acid Use of gastric acid inhibitors Patients suffering from PKU (Phenylketonuria) Participation in any regular exercise program Unstable body weight over the last 3 months
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Luc JC van Loon, Prof.
Organizational Affiliation
Maastricht University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Maastricht University
City
Maastricht
State/Province
Limburg
ZIP/Postal Code
6200 MD
Country
Netherlands

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
32069356
Citation
Gorissen SHM, Trommelen J, Kouw IWK, Holwerda AM, Pennings B, Groen BBL, Wall BT, Churchward-Venne TA, Horstman AMH, Koopman R, Burd NA, Fuchs CJ, Dirks ML, Res PT, Senden JMG, Steijns JMJM, de Groot LCPGM, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Protein Type, Protein Dose, and Age Modulate Dietary Protein Digestion and Phenylalanine Absorption Kinetics and Plasma Phenylalanine Availability in Humans. J Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;150(8):2041-2050. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa024.
Results Reference
derived
PubMed Identifier
26037513
Citation
Kouw IW, Gorissen SH, Burd NA, Cermak NM, Gijsen AP, van Kranenburg J, van Loon LJ. Postprandial Protein Handling Is Not Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes Patients When Compared With Normoglycemic Controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Aug;100(8):3103-11. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1234. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Results Reference
derived
PubMed Identifier
24628553
Citation
Gorissen SH, Burd NA, Hamer HM, Gijsen AP, Groen BB, van Loon LJ. Carbohydrate coingestion delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jun;99(6):2250-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3970. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
Results Reference
derived

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Impact of Carbohydrate Co-ingestion on the Post-prandial Anabolic Response of Protein in Young and Elderly Men

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