The Effect of Bitter Taste Receptor Agonists on The Gastrointestinal Tract, Hunger and Food Intake
Healthy, Obesity

About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Healthy focused on measuring Healthy volunteers, Obesity, Bitter
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- BMI>30 kg/m² for the obese volunteers
- BMI<30 kg/m² for the lean volunteers
- Subject is capable and willing to give informed consent
- Female volunteers of child bearing potential must use oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception
Exclusion Criteria:
- Female volunteer is pregnant or breastfeeding
- Gastrointestinal diseases, major abdominal surgery
- Major psychiatric illnesses
- Volunteers that use drugs affecting the GIT or the central nervous system (CNS)
- Volunteers that suffer from diabetes mellitus
- Volunteers suffering from an endocrine disease such as diabetes, Cushing's disease, Addison's disease, hypothalamic tumor…
- Volunteers that have undergone surgical procedure for weight loss
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Arm 4
Arm 5
Arm 6
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Placebo Comparator
Active Comparator
Active Comparator
Placebo Comparator
Denatonium benzoate intragastric
Quinine hydrochloride intragastric
Tap water intragastric
Denatonium benzoate intraduodenal
Quinine hydrochloride intraduodenal
Tap water intraduodenal
1 µmol/kg bodyweight (10mM) was administered as a bolus into the stomach through a nasogastric feeding tube.
10 µmol/kg bodyweight (100mM) was administered as a bolus into the stomach through a nasogastric feeding tube.
An equal amount of tap water was administered as a bolus into the stomach through a nasogastric feeding tube.
1 µmol/kg bodyweight (10mM) was administered as a bolus into the proximal part of the duodenum through a nasogastric feeding tube.
10 µmol/kg bodyweight (100mM) was administered as a bolus into the proximal part of the duodenum through a nasogastric feeding tube.
An equal amount of tap water was administered as a bolus into the proximal part of the duodenum through a nasogastric feeding tube.