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High-fat Overfeeding, Hepatokines and Appetite Regulation (OVEREAT)

Primary Purpose

Insulin Resistance, Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United Kingdom
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
High-fat diet
Sponsored by
Loughborough University
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional basic science trial for Insulin Resistance focused on measuring Hepatokines, High Fat Diet, Glycaemic Control, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Leukocyte Cell-derived Chemotaxin 2, Fetuin-A, Appetite, Ghrelin, Peptide YY

Eligibility Criteria

18 Years - 40 Years (Adult)MaleAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Recreationally active - ≤ 2 structured exercise sessions per week
  • BMI between 18.5 - 27.9 kg/m2
  • Body fat percentage < 20%
  • Metabolically healthy - No known cardiovascular or metabolic disease such as diabetes, respiratory or heart disease.
  • Non-smoker
  • Weight stable in the past 6 months
  • Normal fasting blood glucose levels (3.6 - 5.5 mmol/l)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Contraindications to exercise
  • Needle Phobia

Sites / Locations

  • National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University
  • Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Experimental

No Intervention

Arm Label

High-fat diet

Control diet

Arm Description

Participants will consume a hypercaloric, high-fat diet. Participants will be provided with all the food during the week and will be instructed to consume all of the foods provided and no extra calorie containing food or drink. In the event of leftover food, participants will be asked to return the food for measurement and subsequent subtraction from their total energy intake.

Participants will consume their normal 'habitual' diet for seven days which will be compared to their habitual diet recorded by a three day food diary before commencing the two diets. Participants will be instructed to carry on as normal and eat their usual diet and this period will be used as a comparator to the high-fat diet. They will also be told to record their food intake for 3 days during the diet to quantify their control diet.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2)
Time-course of LECT2 plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions

Secondary Outcome Measures

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)
Time-course of FGF21 plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Fetuin-A
Time-course of Fetuin-A plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Acylated ghrelin
Time-course of acylated ghrelin plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Peptide YY (PYY)
Time-course of PYY plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (CTX)
Time-course of CTX plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
N-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen (P1NP)
Time-course of P1NP plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger across the 7-day dietary interventions, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale. The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, satisfaction and prospective food consumption. Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
Subjective food preference
Time-course of subjective food preference across the 7-day dietary interventions, measured using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire.
Whole-body insulin sensitivity
Changes in whole-body insulin sensitivity using the Matsuda Index, calculated from plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Changes in HOMA-IR (a marker of hepatic insulin resistance) using baseline concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin.
Adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR)
Changes in ADIPO-IR using baseline concentrations of plasma insulin and non-esterified free fatty acids.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Amounts of sitting time, standing time, light activity and moderate-vigorous activity will be measured across the duration of each diets to compare between the two. This will be Measured using Acitgraph and ActivPAL monitors.
Resting Metabolic Rate
Changes in resting metabolic rate in response to the diets will be measured using indirect calorimetry and estimated using the Haldane transformation.
Fat Oxidation
Changes in fat oxidation in response to the diets will be measured using indirect calorimetry and estimated using the Haldane transformation.
Blood pressure
Changes in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) across the two dietary interventions will be measured using an automated pressure cuff.
Body weight
Changes in body weight across the two dietary interventions.
Body fat percentage
Changes in body fat percentage across the two dietary interventions using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Full Information

First Posted
November 20, 2017
Last Updated
February 15, 2019
Sponsor
Loughborough University
Collaborators
Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT03369145
Brief Title
High-fat Overfeeding, Hepatokines and Appetite Regulation
Acronym
OVEREAT
Official Title
Influence of High-fat Overfeeding on Circulating Hepatokine Concentrations: a Randomised Crossover Study
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
February 2019
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
December 11, 2017 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
July 31, 2018 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
July 31, 2018 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Loughborough University
Collaborators
Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
The present study will investigate the effect of high-fat overfeeding on a group of liver-secreted proteins linked to worsened blood sugar control, as well as proteins involved in appetite control. Participants will consume both a high-fat diet, consisting of 50% extra calories above their daily required intake, and a control diet, consisting of their normal 'habitual' diet, with each diet lasting seven days. The diets will be undertaken in a randomised order, with a period of three weeks separating the two diets. Blood samples will be taken before and after each diet to measure blood sugar control. Further blood samples will also be taken 24 hours and 72 hours into each diet to see how levels of the liver and appetite-regulating proteins change over the course of the seven days. It is expected that blood sugar control will be worsened by the high-fat diet and this will be accompanied by increases in levels of the liver-secreted proteins and an impaired release of the appetite-regulating proteins into the blood.
Detailed Description
In recent years, researchers have identified a number of liver-secreted proteins, termed "hepatokines", which are thought to play an important role in inter-organ crosstalk between the liver and other metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Specifically, previous studies have demonstrated that hepatokines contribute to whole body glucose and lipid homeostasis through acting in an endocrine-like fashion. Understanding how circulating concentrations of these hepatokines can be manipulated in humans is essential, as impaired blood glucose and lipid control is a key feature of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Previous research at Loughborough University has found that acute high-fat overfeeding for up to seven days can impair glycaemic control; however, the exact mechanisms responsible for these detrimental changes are not fully understood. Based upon previous evidence that hepatokine production is nutritionally modulated, the investigators believe that changes in hepatokine production may play a role in the detrimental metabolic effects seen following short-term, high-fat overfeeding which has implications for long-term metabolic health. Appetite regulation is also thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, as the impaired secretion of several appetite regulatory hormones in both fasting and postprandial conditions has been observed in obesity, which is characterised by an chronic excessive energy intake. Therefore, the investigators are also interested to examine the appetite regulatory hormone response to short-term, high-fat overfeeding. The present study is a randomised, controlled, crossover study in which twelve recreationally active, healthy males will consume both a hypercaloric, high-fat diet (consisting of 50% extra energy above the daily requirement, 65% of which is fat) and a control diet (the participants' habitual diet) in a randomised fashion. A three-week washout period will separate the two diets in order to remove any lasting effects confounding the subsequent diet. Following a prescreening session in which anthropometric data will be collected, participants will commence their first dietary condition. An oral glucose tolerance test will be performed before and after the two diets to measure changes in glycaemic control/whole body insulin sensitivity. Further blood samples will be taken 24 hours and 72 hours after commencing the diets in order to observe the time course of any changes in circulating hepatokine and appetite hormone concentrations. Physical activity will also be monitored for the duration of the two dietary conditions to ensure that habitual physical activity levels are maintained.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Insulin Resistance, Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Obesity
Keywords
Hepatokines, High Fat Diet, Glycaemic Control, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Leukocyte Cell-derived Chemotaxin 2, Fetuin-A, Appetite, Ghrelin, Peptide YY

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Basic Science
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Crossover Assignment
Model Description
The study design is a randomised, controlled, crossover design in which participants undertake two 7-day dietary conditions in a randomised order with a three week washout period in between.
Masking
None (Open Label)
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
12 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
High-fat diet
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants will consume a hypercaloric, high-fat diet. Participants will be provided with all the food during the week and will be instructed to consume all of the foods provided and no extra calorie containing food or drink. In the event of leftover food, participants will be asked to return the food for measurement and subsequent subtraction from their total energy intake.
Arm Title
Control diet
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
Participants will consume their normal 'habitual' diet for seven days which will be compared to their habitual diet recorded by a three day food diary before commencing the two diets. Participants will be instructed to carry on as normal and eat their usual diet and this period will be used as a comparator to the high-fat diet. They will also be told to record their food intake for 3 days during the diet to quantify their control diet.
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
High-fat diet
Intervention Description
The high-fat diet will provide 7 days of overfeeding comprising of: +50% extra calories above the daily required intake, 65% of which is fat.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2)
Description
Time-course of LECT2 plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)
Description
Time-course of FGF21 plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Fetuin-A
Description
Time-course of Fetuin-A plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Acylated ghrelin
Description
Time-course of acylated ghrelin plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Peptide YY (PYY)
Description
Time-course of PYY plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (CTX)
Description
Time-course of CTX plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
N-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen (P1NP)
Description
Time-course of P1NP plasma concentrations across the 7-day dietary interventions
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite
Description
Time-course of subjective ratings of hunger across the 7-day dietary interventions, measured using an appetite visual analogue scale. The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, satisfaction and prospective food consumption. Each subscale is rated on a 100mm scale (i.e. from 0 - 100), with a rating of 100 fully supporting the perception and a rating of 0 fully opposing the perception.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Subjective food preference
Description
Time-course of subjective food preference across the 7-day dietary interventions, measured using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Whole-body insulin sensitivity
Description
Changes in whole-body insulin sensitivity using the Matsuda Index, calculated from plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test
Time Frame
Baseline, 7 Days
Title
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Description
Changes in HOMA-IR (a marker of hepatic insulin resistance) using baseline concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR)
Description
Changes in ADIPO-IR using baseline concentrations of plasma insulin and non-esterified free fatty acids.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Description
Amounts of sitting time, standing time, light activity and moderate-vigorous activity will be measured across the duration of each diets to compare between the two. This will be Measured using Acitgraph and ActivPAL monitors.
Time Frame
7 days (per diet)
Title
Resting Metabolic Rate
Description
Changes in resting metabolic rate in response to the diets will be measured using indirect calorimetry and estimated using the Haldane transformation.
Time Frame
Baseline, 7 Days
Title
Fat Oxidation
Description
Changes in fat oxidation in response to the diets will be measured using indirect calorimetry and estimated using the Haldane transformation.
Time Frame
Baseline, 7 Days
Title
Blood pressure
Description
Changes in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) across the two dietary interventions will be measured using an automated pressure cuff.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Body weight
Description
Changes in body weight across the two dietary interventions.
Time Frame
Baseline, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days
Title
Body fat percentage
Description
Changes in body fat percentage across the two dietary interventions using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Time Frame
Baseline, 7 Days

10. Eligibility

Sex
Male
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
18 Years
Maximum Age & Unit of Time
40 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Recreationally active - ≤ 2 structured exercise sessions per week BMI between 18.5 - 27.9 kg/m2 Body fat percentage < 20% Metabolically healthy - No known cardiovascular or metabolic disease such as diabetes, respiratory or heart disease. Non-smoker Weight stable in the past 6 months Normal fasting blood glucose levels (3.6 - 5.5 mmol/l) Exclusion Criteria: Contraindications to exercise Needle Phobia
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
James A King, PhD
Organizational Affiliation
Loughborough University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Scott A Willis, MSc
Organizational Affiliation
Loughborough University
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University
City
Loughborough
State/Province
Leicestershire
ZIP/Postal Code
LE11 3TU
Country
United Kingdom
Facility Name
Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University
City
Nottingham
State/Province
Nottinghamshire
ZIP/Postal Code
NG1 4FQ
Country
United Kingdom

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Undecided
Citations:
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17550778
Citation
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Results Reference
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Dasgupta S, Bhattacharya S, Biswas A, Majumdar SS, Mukhopadhyay S, Ray S, Bhattacharya S. NF-kappaB mediates lipid-induced fetuin-A expression in hepatocytes that impairs adipocyte function effecting insulin resistance. Biochem J. 2010 Aug 1;429(3):451-62. doi: 10.1042/BJ20100330.
Results Reference
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PubMed Identifier
11220283
Citation
Groop LC. Insulin resistance: the fundamental trigger of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 1999 May;1 Suppl 1:S1-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.0010s1001.x.
Results Reference
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Citation
Hulston CJ, Churnside AA, Venables MC. Probiotic supplementation prevents high-fat, overfeeding-induced insulin resistance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2015 Feb 28;113(4):596-602. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514004097. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
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High-fat Overfeeding, Hepatokines and Appetite Regulation

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