The Influence of Daily Honey Consumption on IR in Obese Women With IR

The Influence of Daily Honey Consumption on Insulin Resistance in Obese Women With Insulin Resistance

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of daily honey consumption on insulin resistance as a preventive measure against diabetes. in women with insulin resistance.

The prevalence rates of insulin resistance (IR) and its health consequences are increasing worldwide. The reputation of honey as a healthy alternative for sugar is largely accepted. Honey contains several bioactive constituents; however, its effect on IR measures and glycemic control is yet to be assessed. We aim to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of honey on IR and inflammatory status measures in obese women with insulin resistance in a free-living controlled intervention study. Sixty obese adult females with insulin resistance will be recruited from the community of the University of Jordan and from patients at the Endocrine unit at the University of Jordan Hospital. Participants will be randomly assigned into one of two treatment groups, honey group or jell-O group. Participants will consume a daily dose of 0.5 mg per kg of body weight of the prescribed treatment for 6 months. The effects of daily consumption of honey on IR, serum concentration of several inflammatory biomarkers, and body fatness will be evaluated. The results of this study would reveal the antidiabetic effect of the bioactive compounds in honey in insulin-resistant obese women.

Treatment with honey will extend for four months and the actual treatment phases will be preceded by a 2-week run-in period, in which the participants will be asked to refrain from honey consumption. During the six months intervention, a daily dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight of honey will be consumed by each participant. Participants will be provided with Mixed flora honey that will be obtained from local producers. The daily dose of treatments will be divided into two doses to simulate a natural pattern of consumption. All participants will be required to limit the consumption of caffeinated beverages to two beverages a day during the study periods. A nutritionist will calculate the energy requirement and provide dietary instructions and a nutritionally adequate, hypocaloric, balanced sample diet plan with a fixed macronutrient composition of 28% fat, 55% carbohydrate, and 17% protein will be individualized for each participant monthly.

Treatment with simple sugar alternatives (other carbohydrates, such as jell-o) will extend for four months and the actual treatment phases will be preceded by a 2-week run-in period, in which the participants will be asked to refrain from honey consumption, and during the study periods. A daily dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight of jell-O will be consumed by each participant and will be divided into two doses to simulate a natural pattern of consumption. Jell-O was selected as a source of sucrose with negligible phenolic capacity, which will serve as a control. All participants will be required to limit the consumption of caffeinated beverages to two beverages a day during the study periods. A nutritionist will calculate the energy requirement and provide dietary instructions and a nutritionally adequate, hypocaloric, balanced sample diet plan with a fixed macronutrient composition of 28% fat, 55% carbohydrate, and 17% protein will be individualized for each participant monthly.

A mixed flora honey that will be obtained from local producers. and will be consumed by a daily dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight of honey by each participant and will be divided into two doses.

A daily dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight of Jell-O will be consumed by each participant and will be divided into two doses. Jell-O was selected as a source of sucrose with negligible phenolic capacity.

Participants will provide a 3-day food record. Dietary data will be analyzed for energy, macro- and micro-nutrients composition using the food processor SQL version 10.3.0 program (ESHA Research, Salem, Oregon).

Weight will be measured using a calibrated digital scale to the nearest 0.1 kg. All participants will be measured in light clothing and without any heavy articles or footwear.

The average waist circumference will be calculated from 2 consecutive measurements at the midway between the lowest rib and iliac crest.

A body composition assessment will be performed using InBody120 analyzer (InBody, CO.). Participants will be asked to remove any metal items and heavy clothes before scanning, and will be scanned barefoot and wearing light clothes. Participant positioning will be conducted in accordance with the operator's manual.A trained operator will assess body composition according to the manufacturer's instructions.

OGTT (75 g of glucose) will be executed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws. During OGTT venous blood samples will be obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min for the determination of glucose and insulin.

OHTT (75 g of honey) will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws. During OHTT venous blood samples will be obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min for the determination of glucose and insulin.

Glucose level test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

Insulin level test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

HbA1C test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

Adiponectin test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

C-reactive protein test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

Triglyceride test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

Total cholesterol test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

High density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) test will be performed following an overnight fast and the participants will be instructed to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages as well as from any type of exercise for 12 hours prior to blood draws.

Participants will provide a 3-day food record. Dietary data will be analyzed for energy, macro- and micro-nutrients composition using the food processor SQL version 10.3.0 program (ESHA Research, Salem, Oregon).

Inclusion Criteria: Female 19-45 years Obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m^2) Premenopausal Exclusion Criteria: Individual who use any drug or supplements known to affect lipid, glucose for at least the last three months. Individual who previous insulin treatment Smokers Individual who have diabetes, kidney, liver, or hormonal diseases Individual who have significant weight changes > 5% during the past 6 months Women who are postmenopausal

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