Coverage and Cost-of-Care (CC) Links- Financial Navigation Program (CC Links)

"Coping behaviors" was measured using a series of 9 yes/no items that first assess whether any recommended cancer care was skipped for any reason (yes/no), and then whether the reason for not receiving the care that they or their doctor believed necessary was due to any of 8 listed reasons (yes/no for each). Typical reasons included 'Couldn't afford care,' 'Insurance company wouldn't approve or pay for care,' and 'Had problems getting to the doctor's office.' The sum of the number of yes responses is the total score, with higher scores indicating greater coping behaviors in response to financial hardship. The items in this scale are from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Survey (MEPS-ECSS).

"Material conditions" was measured using 8 items (6 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey: Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Supplement (MEPS-ECSS) and 2 from demographic survey) that measure the financial condition of the participant with cancer and their family. Six of the items are yes/no and these include questions on borrowing money or go into debt, filing for bankruptcy, and concerns about having to pay large medical bills because of the cost of cancer treatment. The remaining two items are ordinal and measure the amount of debt related to cancer costs (options range from $0 to $100,00+), and the how they perceive their household's income currently (choices range from 'living comfortably on present income' to 'finding it very difficult on present income'). The latter two items are rescaled to 0-1 variables, so they have the same ranges as the yes/no items and are summed to create the total score. Higher scores indicate greater financial hardship.

Psychological response (i.e. financial toxicity) was measured using the 11-item Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) that measures emotional aspects of financial hardship (financial toxicity) among cancer patients. Each item is scored on a 5-point ordinal scale ranging from 0='Not at all' to 4='Very much.' Sample items include 'My out-of-pocket expense are more than I thought they would be' and 'I am frustrated that I cannot work or contribute as much as I usually do.' Lower values indicate greater financial toxicity.

Health-related QOL was measured using four Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scales.xx Each of these were scored and standardized by submitting the raw values to the HealthMeasures scoring service. We used the standardized values of the total scores throughout the analysis for this study. The four scales include the PROMIS physical health and emotional health subscales (from the 10-item PROMIS Scale v1.2 - Global Health),xx the 4-item PROMIS- Anxiety Short Form, and the 6-item PROMIS-Depression Short Form. The physical (physical health, function, pain, and fatigue items) and emotional health (QOL, mental health, social activities, and emotional problem items) subscales are each based on 4 items, with higher scores indicating a more positive health self-assessment. For the anxiety and depression scales, higher scores indicate a greater manifestation of symptoms.

Distress was measured using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's (NCCN) Distress Thermometer and its accompanying 40-item problem list. A cutoff score of 4 indicated clinically elevated distress levels

Amount of money saved per patient including grants and financial assistance received, total charges, financial assistance adjustments, insurance payments, and insurance charges.