Sleep Restriction and Postprandial Lipemia

Sleep restriction increases overnight and early morning non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels, which are correlated with whole-body decreases in insulin sensitivity, consistent with the observed impairment of intracellular insulin signaling. Adipose tissue biopsies from sleep restricted subjects that are insulin stimulated have reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAKT). This protein is involved in suppression of intracellular lipolysis and NEFA release. Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in normal-weight and obese individuals. Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (30-90 min) performed 12-18 h before an oral fat tolerance test or mixed meal test reduces postprandial triglycerides (TG) and insulin concentrations. This response is largely dependent upon the exercise-induced energy deficit as the response is abolished when the calories expended during exercise are replaced. However, it is not known if sleep restriction will interfere with the beneficial effects of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia. The aim of this project is to investigate if sleep restriction negates the positive effect that exercise has on postprandial lipemia. It is hypothesized that sleep restriction will negate the beneficial effects of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia. Additionally sleep restriction will result in a worsening of the lipid profile compared to no exercise. For the proposed study, the investigators will use a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (4 study conditions (no exercise+ sleep restriction, no exercise+normal sleep, exercise+normal sleep, exercise+sleep restriction) x time will be used to analyze changes in NEFA and TG concentrations while a one way ANOVA will be used to analyze area under the curve of the NEFA and TG concentrations.

In the postprandial period, adipocytes respond to the increased insulin levels by suppressing intracellular triglycerides (TG) lipolysis and by increasing extracellular lipolysis by transporting lipoprotein lipase from intracellular vesicles to the surface of the endothelium. This results in decreased free fatty acids (FFA) release into the plasma and increased absorption of lipoprotein TGs, particularly those in chylomicrons and VLDLs. Sleep restriction increases overnight and early morning non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels, which are correlated with whole-body decreases in insulin sensitivity, consistent with the observed impairment of intracellular insulin signaling. Adipose tissue biopsies from sleep restricted subjects that are insulin stimulated have reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAKT). This protein is involved in suppression of intracellular lipolysis and NEFA release. Sleep restriction can also alter whole body substrate metabolism such that there is a trend for increased lipid oxidation. Additionally, research examining the effects of short-term sleep restriction on circulating lipids have had mixed results. A number of studies have found decreases in fasting TG while other studies found no change in plasma TGs with sleep restriction. Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in normal-weight and obese individuals. Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (30-90 min) performed 12-18 h before an oral fat tolerance test or mixed meal test reduces postprandial TG and insulin concentrations. This response is largely dependent upon the exercise-induced energy deficit as the response is abolished when the calories expended during exercise are replaced. However, it is not known if sleep restriction will interfere with the beneficial effects of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia. The aim of this project is to investigate if sleep restriction negates the positive effect that exercise has on postprandial lipemia. It is hypothesized that sleep restriction will negate the beneficial effects of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia. Additionally sleep restriction will result in a worsening of the lipid profile compared to no exercise. For the proposed study, the investigators will use a repeated measures ANOVA (4 study conditions (no exercise+ sleep restriction, no exercise+normal sleep, exercise+normal sleep, exercise+sleep restriction) x time will be used to analyze changes in NEFA and triglyceride (TG) concentrations while a one way ANOVA will be used to analyze area under the curve of the NEFA and TG concentrations.

75 g of glucose will be given at the beginning of the study day (the evening prior there will be no exercise the night before the study day, normal sleep (8 h))

75 g of glucose will be given at the beginning of the study day (the evening prior there will be no exercise the night before the study day, 4 h of sleep the previous night)

75 g of glucose will be given at the beginning of the study day (the evening prior there will be 45 min of exercise the night before the study day, normal sleep (8 h))

75 g of glucose will be given at the beginning of the study day (the evening prior there will be 45 min of exercise the night before the study day, 4 h of sleep the previous night)

A high fat meal (milkshake) will be administered on the morning after the intervention of no exercise and no SR the night before.

Inclusion Criteria: Overweight and obese men and women 21-45 years of age BMI of 25-35 kg/m2 Normal sleeping habits of 7-9 hours per night Exclusion Criteria: type 2 diabetic diagnosed with cardiovascular disease hypertensive smokers pregnant taking lipid-lowering medications sleep apnea fragmented sleep have any recent changes in hormonal birth control night shift workers or take regular daytime naps any medications known to impact metabolism, appetite, or sleep any allergies to milk, ice cream, peanut butter and soy.

The data will not be shared until at least 2 years after data collection is completed. Data will be available for another 3 years