The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating in Cardiometabolic Health (TRE)

Inclusion Criteria: must be able to grant voluntary informed consent and comply with the study instructions aged 25-75 years men and women body mass index 27-45 kg/m2 fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L, or 2h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose 7.8-11.1 mmol/L or haemoglobin A1C 39-46 mmol/mol or homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score ≥2.73 self-reported habitual eating period ≥ 13 h per day Exclusion Criteria: shift worker fasting >12 h/day more than once a week vegan > once a week no food intake after ~1800 h habitually waking up before ~0400 h and sleeping before ~2100 h unstable weight (>5% change the last 2 months) Clinical diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes Clinical diagnosis of sleep disorder Clinical diagnosis of eating disorder Clinical diagnosis of cancer in last 5 years conditions that render subject unable to complete all testing procedures (including individuals with known allergies or contraindications to the medications used in this study) use of medications that affect the study outcome measures or increase the risk of study procedures and that cannot be temporarily discontinued (e.g., steroids, alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockers or agonists, etc.) smoking and illegal drug use pregnant or lactating gastrointestinal or bariatric surgery (except cholecystectomy and appendectomy) individuals with electromedical devises prisoners alcohol abuse