Middle School Parent Module for a Brief Bullying Intervention Program

Modified version of Teacher-Advocates Pre- and Post-Scale (TAPPS) Knowledge and confidence to support defenders was measured using a modified version of the TAPPS. The TAPPS is an 11 item survey that measures knowledge of buying behaviors, knowledge of how to support students using the STAC strategies, and confidence supporting students who intervene in bullying situations. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Totally Disagree) to 4 (Totally Agree) and were summed to compute a total scale score.

Modified version of Teacher's Attitudes about Bullying Questionnaire Confidence about managing bullying was measured using a modified version of the Teacher's Attitudes about Bullying Questionnaire. This questionnaire is a 22 item survey. The 3-item Confidence in Managing Bullying Subscale was used. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree) and are summed to compute a total scale score.

National Education Association Bullying Survey Parent comfort with managing bullying was measured using items from the National Education Association Bullying Survey. Parents were asked "How comfortable would the participant feel intervening when the participant sees the following bullying behaviors?" followed by five types of bullying and definitions (a) Physical (hitting, pushing, or kicking), (b) Verbal (general teasing or name calling), (c) Relational (rumor spreading or excluding someone from a group), (d) Cyberbullying (sending or posting harmful material or engaging in other forms of social aggression using the Internet or other digital devices, such as mobile phones), and (e) Sexting (sending or forwarding sexually explicit photos, videos or messages from a mobile phone or other electronic device). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Very Uncomfortable) to 5 (Very Comfortable) and are summed to compute a total scale score. The Provictim scale

National Education Association Bullying Survey Parental role in handling bullying situations was measured by four items from the National Education Association Bullying Survey. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree) and are summed to create the scale.

Bullying Self-Efficacy Parents' perceptions of ability to help the participants' child respond to bullying were measured using a 6-item scale. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Not at All) to 4 (A Lot) and are summed to create the scale.

Communication Self-Efficacy Parents' self-efficacy to talk with the participants' child about bullying was assessed using a 5-item scale. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree) and are summed to create the scale.

Provictim Scale Attitudes about bullying were measured using the Provictim Scale, including 6 items that reflect anti-bullying attitudes. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree) and are summed to create the scale.

Use of STAC Strategies The intention to use Parent STAC strategies was measured using an adapted version of the Use of STAC Strategies for students and teachers. The 4-item measure asks parents "How likely is the participant to use these strategies to support the participants' adolescent to intervene in bullying in the future? a) Stealing the Show - support adolescents to use humor or distraction to get the attention away from the bullying situation, b) Turning it Over - support adolescents who tell the partcipant about bullying or support adolescents to report to an adult at school, c) Accompanying Others - support adolescents who reach out to a student who was a target of bullying, and d) Coaching Compassion - support adolescents who help the student who bullied develop empathy for the target." Items are rated on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Very Unlikely) to 5 (Very Likely).

Acceptability of the Parent STAC Training Program acceptability was assessed using a social validity survey composed of 7 items. Items were ranked on a 4-point scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree).

Interest in Receiving Bullying Prevention Participants were asked how interested the participant would be in receiving bullying prevention programming on a 5-point response scale with anchors ranging from 1 (Not at all Interested) to 5 (Extremely Interested).

Features of A Technology-Based Program Participants were asked a series of questions regarding features of a technology-based program. Items were rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (Not at All Important) to 4 (Extremely Important).