Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing limitations or cessation of treatment - Post-traumatic stress symptoms
Post-traumatic symptoms will be assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) at 7 days. The IES score is composed of 15 questions. The maximum score is 75, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing limitations or cessation of treatment - Post-traumatic stress symptoms
Post-traumatic symptoms will be assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) at 30 days. The IES score is composed of 15 questions. The maximum score is 75, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Diagnosis of post-traumatic stress
The diagnosis of post-traumatic stress at 90 days will be established by the PCL-5 (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition"). The PCL-5 scale is composed of 20 items. The maximum score is 80, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Anxiety and depression symptoms
Anxiety and depression symptoms will be assessed using the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) score at 7 days. The HADS score is composed of 14 items. The maximum score for the anxiety part is 21 and for the depression part is 21, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Anxiety and depression symptoms
Anxiety and depression symptoms will be assessed using the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) score at 30 days. The HADS score is composed of 14 items. The maximum score for the anxiety part is 21 and for the depression part is 21, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Anxiety and depression symptoms
Anxiety and depression symptoms will be assessed using the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) score at 90 days. The HADS score is composed of 14 items. The maximum score for the anxiety part is 21 and for the depression part is 21, the minimum score is 0. A high score reflects a worsening of the condition of the subject participating in the study.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Families' experiences
The experience of the relatives will be evaluated through questions collected 7 days after the announcement by a psychologist (questions on experience and feelings).
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Families' experiences in the training group
The experiences of the families will be evaluated on a sample of the families in this "training" group. To do so, a psychologist with these families will conduct semi-directive interviews.
Families - Effect of the protocol for announcing therapeutic limitations or cessation - Impact on the socio-professional life of families
The impact of the announcement on the socio-professional life of families will be assessed by the presence of at least one work stoppage related to a visit to the emergency department within 90 days of the announcement, followed by the number of days of work stoppage. These data will be collected during the 90-day telephone interview with the psychologist.
Caregivers - Satisfaction with protocol training
Caregivers' satisfaction will be assessed using a self-questionnaire based on the model recommended by the French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé) and used in the SAMSEI program ("Stratégies d'Apprentissage des Métiers de Santé en Environnement Immersif", or "Learning Strategies for Healthcare Professions in an Immersive Environment" in English) and the Lyon Sud Health Simulation Center. The questionnaire will be completed by participants at the end of protocol training. The questionnaire will assess interest, practical usefulness, density of information, compliance with objectives, material conditions of training, participant activity and motivation to continue training.
Caregivers - Impact of partner families' involvement in training on professionals
Caregivers' views on the involvement of partner families will be assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire and during semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire will be completed by the participants before and after the training and intervention of the partner families.
Caregivers - Evaluating assertiveness at the communication level prior to protocol training
Caregivers' assertiveness in communication will be assessed at the beginning of the study using the Cungi and Rey scale. The Cungi and Rey scale is composed of 10 items. The maximum score is 80, the minimum score is 10. A high score reflects a good level of assertiveness in communication.
Caregivers - Evaluate assertiveness in communication
Caregivers' assertiveness in communication will be assessed at the beginning of the study using the Cungi and Rey scale. The Cungi and Rey scale is composed of 10 items. The maximum score is 80, the minimum score is 10. A high score reflects a good level of assertiveness in communication.
Caregivers - Evaluation of self-confidence in complex relational situations addressed during simulation prior to protocol training
Caregivers' self-confidence in the complex relational situations addressed during the simulation will be assessed by a self-questionnaire using a Likert-type scale at the start of the study.
Caregivers - Evaluation of self-confidence in complex relational situations addressed during simulation 90 days after training
Caregivers' self-confidence in the complex relational situations addressed during the simulation will be assessed by a self-questionnaire using a Likert-type scale at 90 days after the human simulation training.
Caregivers - Evaluate real-life stress levels in caregivers' professional environment for decision of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments prior to protocol training
Caregivers' stress in their professional environment will be assessed using the Karasek scale, which evaluates mental stress at work at the start of the study. The Karasek scale is composed of 29 items. The maximum score is 116, the minimum score is 29.
Caregivers - Evaluate real-life stress levels in caregivers' professional environment for decision of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments announcement
Caregivers' stress in their professional environment will be assessed using the Karasek scale, which evaluates mental stress at work at 90 days after human simulation training. The Karasek scale is composed of 29 items. The maximum score is 116, the minimum score is 29.
Caregivers - Evaluating behavior change
The theory of behavioural change will be evaluated by a questionnaire completed after training.
Caregivers - Evaluating caregivers' experience of decision of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments after training
The qualitative evaluation of caregivers' experience of the announcement will be carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews 90 days after the training.
Emergency departments - Implementation of the protocol in practice
The implementation of the protocol will be assessed by the adoption of the announcement protocol by professionals, the deployment of the various components of the intervention protocol (dedicated place, presence of pairs, duration of the announcement, etc.), the adaptations made for announcements of death and decision of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatments. It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Mechanisms of effect of the intervention - Participation and satisfaction of professionals with the training
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Mechanisms of effect of the intervention - Reactions of families during the LAT
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Mechanisms of effect of the intervention - Unexpected effects of the use of the announcement protocol
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Favourable or limiting contextual factors - Departmental organizational factors
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Favourable or limiting contextual factors - Leadership-facilitator in the team
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Favourable or limiting contextual factors - Number of emergency department visits with flow analysis
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.
Emergency departments - Favourable or limiting contextual factors - Characteristics of the patients cared for
It will be evaluated by questionnaires and ad hoc indicators and during semi-structured interviews.