3D Modeling of the Cervico-facial Region and Cranial Nerve Tractography: IMAG 2 ORL Project (IMAG 2 ORL)

3D modeling associated with the tracking of nerve fibers meets the needs of preoperative planning for tumors and cervico-facial congenital malformations. Indeed, these lesions are closely related to the cranial nerves and in particular nerve V (infratemporal fossa), nerve VII (temporal bone, parotido-masseter region), nerves IX, X, XI, XII and the chain cervical sympathetic (infratemporal and cervical regions). The development of a model of this region will therefore improve the surgical management of these children.

Children aged 1 to 5 benefiting from a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the Necker Enfants-Malades hospital for their care, meeting the inclusion criteria and participating in the study, will benefit during their MRI from the care, a sequence "Research" tractography MRI lasting 10 minutes. This sequence is already validated and proposed for tractography but in specialties other than pediatric ENT. Tractography techniques are mathematical algorithms based on the diffusion tensor (micro-movements of water molecules in tissues) to reconstruct the path of nerve fibers in each volume unit of the MRI image (voxel). 3D modeling associated with the tracking of nerve fibers meets the needs of preoperative planning for tumors and cervico-facial congenital malformations. Indeed, these lesions are closely related to the cranial nerves.

3D modeling of the cervico-facial region, Tractography MRI, Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), Cranial nerve, Pediatrics

Children aged 1 to 5 benefiting from a 3T MRI at the Necker Enfants-Malades hospital as part of the initial assessment of a tumor or cervico-facial malformation and at the first postoperative follow-up MRI if indicated for the care during a period of 12 months.

Children aged 1 to 5 benefiting from a 3T MRI at the Necker Enfants-Malades hospital as part of the initial assessment of an ENT pathology other than that of the patient group.

Addition to the sequences usually done for the care of these patients (CubeT2, Diffusion, CubeT1, CubeT2 fiesta, ASL, T1 injected with gadolinium), of a so-called "research" tractography sequence benefiting from CE marking and not requiring specific injection. Search sequence acquisition time: 10 minutes.

Evaluate the correlation between the 3D modeling and the intraoperative findings. Intraoperative evaluation of the position of the facial nerve and its relationship to the tumor.

Compare the course of the cranial nerves in children treated for tumor or congenital malformation compared to control patients treated for another ENT pathology: comparison of images obtained between patients and controls (radiological analysis).

Assess the presence of post-treatment sequelae nerve lesions for subject patients (surgery or radiochemotherapy) on follow-up MRI: during follow-up MRIs, analysis by tractography of the nerve related to the lesion.

Inclusion Criteria: Benefiting from social security scheme. Informed consent signed by holders of parental authority and the investigator. Patient group: children aged 1 to 5 benefiting from a 3T MRI at the Necker Enfants-Malades hospital as part of the initial assessment of a tumor or a cervico-facial malformation. Control group: children aged 1 to 5 benefiting from a 3T MRI at the Necker Enfants-Malades hospital as part of the initial assessment of an ENT pathology other than that of the patient group (examples: velar insufficiency, congenital deafness). Exclusion Criteria: Child with a contraindication to MRI: allergy to contrast product, pacemaker, Starr Edwards valves, stent placed for less than 6 weeks, vascular clips, contraindication to sedation.

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