Beetroot Juice Resistance Training Older Adults
Primary Purpose
Sarcopenia, Old Age; Atrophy
Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
BRJ+Nitrate
Control
Sponsored by
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Sarcopenia
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Able to provide own transportation to study testing visits and intervention
- Able to read and write in English
- Nondiabetic, i.e. fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl
- Sedentary (less than 60 minutes of moderate intensity structured physical activity each week and occurs in no more than 10 minute blocks and not participating in a resistance exercise training program)
- Willingness to provide informed consent and participate in intervention. Participants with diagnosed depression were permitted to participate provided that they have been medically stable without medication change for at least 3 months.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Smoking or use of chewing tobacco
- Involved in another intervention research study
- Diabetic (type 1 or 2)
- Atrophic gastritis
- Hypo- or hyperthyroidism
- Gout or history of kidney stones
- History of hypotension
- Premenopausal (women)
- Aversion to study-related testing procedures
- Allergy/sensitivity/aversion to beetroot beverages or protein supplement
- Medical conditions with contraindications for engaging in resistance training program or taking the protein supplement
- Systemic, uncontrolled diseases (diabetes, recent (last 6 months) or current treatment of cancer, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular disease, COPD, or inflammatory bowel diseases)
- Use of any of the following medications: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, nitroglycerin or nitrate preparations, proton pump inhibitors, or medications for hypothyroidism
- Potential inability to complete the tasks required for the protocol as well as conditions that may interfere with interpretation of results including: inability to ambulate, severe congestive heart failure or severe cardiovascular disease, neoplasm for practical and neurophysiologic reasons
- Individuals with contraindications for performing a graded exercise test or have medical contraindications for participating in a scheduled exercise training program
- Individuals more than 300 pounds or less than 125 pounds due to DEXA weight limits and possibility of exceeding recommended daily nitrate dose of 7 mg/kg body weight, respectively.
Sites / Locations
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm Type
Experimental
Placebo Comparator
Arm Label
BRJ+Nitrate
Control
Arm Description
This arm underwent a 3 days a week, 10 weeks of resistance exercise training program and consumed for a 70 mL bottle of beetroot juice containing 380 mg of nitrate plus a 15 dose of whey protein after each exercise session.
This arm underwent a 3 days a week, 10 weeks of resistance exercise training program and consumed for a 70 mL bottle of beetroot juice containing 0 mg of nitrate plus a 15 dose of whey protein after each exercise session.
Outcomes
Primary Outcome Measures
Whole body fat free mass
Mass of fat free tissue
Whole body fat mass
Mass of fat tissue
Thigh muscle
Volume of thigh muscle
Thigh intermuscular fat
Volume of fat in the thigh muscle
Thigh subcutaneous fat
Volume of subcutaneous fat in the thigh
Visceral fat
Volume of visceral fat
Muscle strength
Strength of quadriceps muscle at a speed of 60 degrees per second
400 meter walk
Time to walk 400 meters
Stair climb time
Time to ascend and descend 12 stairs
Peak oxygen consumption
Peak oxygen consumed at maximal exercise during graded exercise testing
Whole body fat free mass
mass of fat free tissue
Whole body fat mass
Mass of fat tissue
Thigh muscle
Volume of thigh muscle
Thigh intermuscular fat
Volume of fat in the thigh muscle
Thigh subcutaneous fat
Volume of subcutaneous fat in the thigh
Visceral fat
Volume of visceral fat
Muscle strength
Strength of quadriceps muscle at a speed of 60 degrees per second
400 meter walk
Time to walk 400 meters
Stair climb time
Time to ascend and descend 12 stairs
Secondary Outcome Measures
Full Information
1. Study Identification
Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT05460351
Brief Title
Beetroot Juice Resistance Training Older Adults
Official Title
Effect of Beetroot Juice on Body Composition, Physical Function, Muscle Strength, and Peak Oxygen Consumption in Resistance Trained Older Adults Consuming a Protein Supplement
Study Type
Interventional
2. Study Status
Record Verification Date
July 2022
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
February 2014 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
December 2014 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
May 2015 (Actual)
3. Sponsor/Collaborators
Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Wake Forest University
4. Oversight
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No
5. Study Description
Brief Summary
The present study compared the effects of a nitrate containing beetroot juice supplement (BRJ+Nitrate) vs. a placebo (Control) on total and regional fat free mass, quadriceps muscle strength, lower body mobility, and VO2peak in healthy, older adults undergoing a 10-week long progressive resistance training program with protein supplementation.
6. Conditions and Keywords
Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Sarcopenia, Old Age; Atrophy
7. Study Design
Primary Purpose
Basic Science
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Model Description
Participants will be randomized into one of two groups. The first group will consume daily beetroot juice containing 380 mg of nitrate and the second group will consume daily beetroot juice with nitrate removed. Both groups will undergo resistance exercise training and consume a protein supplement
Masking
ParticipantInvestigatorOutcomes Assessor
Masking Description
A third party not involved with the conduct of the study provided research staff with the beetroot juice in participant specific coded bottles. The research staff then distributed these coded bottles to the participant. At the end of the trial, the code was revealed for intervention assignment.
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
24 (Actual)
8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions
Arm Title
BRJ+Nitrate
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
This arm underwent a 3 days a week, 10 weeks of resistance exercise training program and consumed for a 70 mL bottle of beetroot juice containing 380 mg of nitrate plus a 15 dose of whey protein after each exercise session.
Arm Title
Control
Arm Type
Placebo Comparator
Arm Description
This arm underwent a 3 days a week, 10 weeks of resistance exercise training program and consumed for a 70 mL bottle of beetroot juice containing 0 mg of nitrate plus a 15 dose of whey protein after each exercise session.
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
BRJ+Nitrate
Intervention Description
Participants in this group drank a 70 mL bottle of Beet It Sport drink with nitrate plus 15 grams of whey protein 3 days a week following a resistance exercise training program
Intervention Type
Dietary Supplement
Intervention Name(s)
Control
Intervention Description
Participants in this group drank a 70 mL bottle of Beet It Sport drink without nitrate plus 15 grams of whey protein 3 days a week following a resistance exercise training program
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Whole body fat free mass
Description
Mass of fat free tissue
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Whole body fat mass
Description
Mass of fat tissue
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Thigh muscle
Description
Volume of thigh muscle
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Thigh intermuscular fat
Description
Volume of fat in the thigh muscle
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Thigh subcutaneous fat
Description
Volume of subcutaneous fat in the thigh
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Visceral fat
Description
Volume of visceral fat
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Muscle strength
Description
Strength of quadriceps muscle at a speed of 60 degrees per second
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
400 meter walk
Description
Time to walk 400 meters
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Stair climb time
Description
Time to ascend and descend 12 stairs
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Peak oxygen consumption
Description
Peak oxygen consumed at maximal exercise during graded exercise testing
Time Frame
Collected at baseline
Title
Whole body fat free mass
Description
mass of fat free tissue
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Whole body fat mass
Description
Mass of fat tissue
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Thigh muscle
Description
Volume of thigh muscle
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Thigh intermuscular fat
Description
Volume of fat in the thigh muscle
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Thigh subcutaneous fat
Description
Volume of subcutaneous fat in the thigh
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Visceral fat
Description
Volume of visceral fat
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Muscle strength
Description
Strength of quadriceps muscle at a speed of 60 degrees per second
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
400 meter walk
Description
Time to walk 400 meters
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
Title
Stair climb time
Description
Time to ascend and descend 12 stairs
Time Frame
Collected at 10-weeks
10. Eligibility
Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
60 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Able to provide own transportation to study testing visits and intervention
Able to read and write in English
Nondiabetic, i.e. fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl
Sedentary (less than 60 minutes of moderate intensity structured physical activity each week and occurs in no more than 10 minute blocks and not participating in a resistance exercise training program)
Willingness to provide informed consent and participate in intervention. Participants with diagnosed depression were permitted to participate provided that they have been medically stable without medication change for at least 3 months.
Exclusion Criteria:
Smoking or use of chewing tobacco
Involved in another intervention research study
Diabetic (type 1 or 2)
Atrophic gastritis
Hypo- or hyperthyroidism
Gout or history of kidney stones
History of hypotension
Premenopausal (women)
Aversion to study-related testing procedures
Allergy/sensitivity/aversion to beetroot beverages or protein supplement
Medical conditions with contraindications for engaging in resistance training program or taking the protein supplement
Systemic, uncontrolled diseases (diabetes, recent (last 6 months) or current treatment of cancer, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular disease, COPD, or inflammatory bowel diseases)
Use of any of the following medications: phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, nitroglycerin or nitrate preparations, proton pump inhibitors, or medications for hypothyroidism
Potential inability to complete the tasks required for the protocol as well as conditions that may interfere with interpretation of results including: inability to ambulate, severe congestive heart failure or severe cardiovascular disease, neoplasm for practical and neurophysiologic reasons
Individuals with contraindications for performing a graded exercise test or have medical contraindications for participating in a scheduled exercise training program
Individuals more than 300 pounds or less than 125 pounds due to DEXA weight limits and possibility of exceeding recommended daily nitrate dose of 7 mg/kg body weight, respectively.
12. IPD Sharing Statement
Plan to Share IPD
No
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Beetroot Juice Resistance Training Older Adults
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