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Connect.Parkinson: Connecting Individuals With Parkinson Disease to Specialists in Their Homes

Primary Purpose

Parkinson Disease

Status
Completed
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Virtual Visits
Sponsored by
University of Rochester
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional health services research trial for Parkinson Disease focused on measuring Parkinson disease, Parkinson's, Parkinson's disease, telemedicine, virtual visits, video calls, video conferencing, virtual house calls

Eligibility Criteria

30 Years - undefined (Adult, Older Adult)All SexesAccepts Healthy Volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with clinically diagnosed Idiopathic Parkinson disease in the judgment of the independent rater
  • No better alternative explanation for the parkinsonism
  • Access to a non-public, internet-enabled device (e.g., computer, tablet computer, smart phone) that has the capacity for web-based video conferencing
  • Be physically located at time visits are conducted in a state where the participating physician is licensed to practice medicine
  • Have a local care provider that the study team can contact
  • Live at home, in a senior housing complex, or assisted living facility
  • Be fluent in English (all participating states) or Spanish (participants in Florida and Massachusetts only)
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent
  • Care partner (if applicable) must be able and willing to provide informed consent to participate if he or she so chooses.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Currently hospitalized
  • Condition (e.g., prominent psychosis) that precludes study participation as identified by the medical professional (site investigator or nurse).
  • Participation in another telemedicine study.

Sites / Locations

  • University of California San Francisco
  • The Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center
  • University of Florida
  • University of Miami
  • Georgia Regents University
  • Northwestern University
  • University of Kansas Medical Center
  • Johns Hopkins
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
  • Struthers Parkinson Center
  • The Mayo Clinic
  • Northshore Long Island Jewish - Feinstein Institute
  • University of Rochester Medical Center
  • Duke University Medical Center
  • Oregon Health & Science University
  • University of Pennsylvania
  • Medical University of South Carolina
  • Baylor College of Medicine
  • Northwest Neurological, PLLC

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

No Intervention

Experimental

Arm Label

Usual Care and Educational Materials

Virtual Visits and Educational Materials

Arm Description

Participants with Parkinson disease will receive educational materials from the National Parkinson Foundation, complete a baseline assessment survey and virtual visit with a physician independent rater, then continue with their usual care in their communities for the duration of the study. After 12 months, they will have another virtual study assessment with an independent rater, after which they will receive a free, one-time virtual consultation with a Parkinson disease specialist in their state.

Participants with Parkinson disease randomized to the virtual visit intervention will receive educational materials from the National Parkinson Foundation, complete a baseline assessment and virtual study assessment with a physician independent rater, and then receive four virtual care visits with a Parkinson disease specialist in their state. Specialists will provide recommendations for care to participants and their designated local health care provider. At 12 months, these individuals will again be assessed by the independent rater, who will be blind to treatment assignment.

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Feasibility of Virtual Visits for Parkinson Disease
Feasibility of virtual visits will be determined by the number of participants who complete at least one virtual visit successfully.
Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Measured by Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39
Assessed as the change in quality of life, measured by the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month. Assesses how often patients experience difficulties across the 8 quality of life dimensions. Assesses impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on specific dimensions of functioning and well-being. The score ranges from 0-100 with lower scores reflecting better quality of life.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change in EQ-5D Index Value
EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) is a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status. Health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The scale ranges from 11111 to 55555 with higher numbers indicating worse health status. The five-digit descriptors are converted to EQ-5D Index Values, which range from -0.109 (corresponding to 55555, the worst possible health) to 1.000 (corresponding to 11111, the best possible health).
Change in Montreal Cognition Assessment
We will assess changes in cognition from baseline to the end of the study using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), administered remotely. The scale ranges from 0-30 with higher numbers indicating better cognition.
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part IA
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part I concerns nonmotor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 24 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Change in Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care
We will assess change in the perceived quality of care using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). Each scale is scored by averaging the items completed within that scale, and the overall PACIC is scored by averaging scores across all 20 items. The scale ranges from 1-5 with higher scores indicating better care by the health team.
Minutes Spend on Last Parkinson's Disease Provider Visit
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part IB
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part I concerns nonmotor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 2
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part II concerns motor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 3
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part III is retained as the motor examination. The scale ranges from 0 to 108 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 4
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part IV concerns motor complications. The scale ranges from 0 to 24 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.

Full Information

First Posted
January 8, 2014
Last Updated
December 1, 2016
Sponsor
University of Rochester
Collaborators
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, National Parkinson Foundation
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT02038959
Brief Title
Connect.Parkinson: Connecting Individuals With Parkinson Disease to Specialists in Their Homes
Official Title
Using Technology to Deliver Multi-disciplinary Care to Individuals With Parkinson Disease in Their Homes: the Connect.Parkinson Study
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
December 2016
Overall Recruitment Status
Completed
Study Start Date
March 2014 (undefined)
Primary Completion Date
August 2016 (Actual)
Study Completion Date
August 2016 (Actual)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
University of Rochester
Collaborators
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, National Parkinson Foundation

4. Oversight

Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Connect.Parkinson is a randomized comparative effectiveness study, comparing usual care enhanced with educational materials to usual care, educational materials, and the delivery of specialty care via telemedicine into patient's homes. The study's specific aims are the following: To demonstrate the feasibility of using telemedicine to deliver specialty care into the homes of individuals with Parkinson disease who have limited access to care; To show that such an approach can improve quality of life; To establish that the telemedicine can enhance the quality of care; and To demonstrate that this remote approach to care saves time, reduces travel, and decreases care partner burden.
Detailed Description
Connect.Parkinson is a national study examining the feasibility and effectiveness of using video calls to bring expert Parkinson disease care directly into patients' homes. Currently, access to care for Parkinson disease is limited by distance, disability, and the distribution of doctors. Approximately 200 individuals with Parkinson disease (who due to distance, disability, disparity, or doctor distribution have limited access to care) will be randomized to one of two arms in this comparative effectiveness study. The first (control) arm will be the individual's "usual care" supplemented by educational materials on their condition. This usual care may include care from a generalist, care from a neurologist, or in-person care from a Parkinson specialist. The care received by the control group will vary but will be an accurate reflection of usual care in this country. The second (intervention) arm will be usual care supplemented by educational materials and care from a Parkinson disease specialist delivered via web-based video conferencing into the patient's home. The participants will also be asked with they have a primary care partner, and care partners will be invited to enroll, for a total of approximately 400 participants.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Parkinson Disease
Keywords
Parkinson disease, Parkinson's, Parkinson's disease, telemedicine, virtual visits, video calls, video conferencing, virtual house calls

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Health Services Research
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Parallel Assignment
Masking
Outcomes Assessor
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
210 (Actual)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
Usual Care and Educational Materials
Arm Type
No Intervention
Arm Description
Participants with Parkinson disease will receive educational materials from the National Parkinson Foundation, complete a baseline assessment survey and virtual visit with a physician independent rater, then continue with their usual care in their communities for the duration of the study. After 12 months, they will have another virtual study assessment with an independent rater, after which they will receive a free, one-time virtual consultation with a Parkinson disease specialist in their state.
Arm Title
Virtual Visits and Educational Materials
Arm Type
Experimental
Arm Description
Participants with Parkinson disease randomized to the virtual visit intervention will receive educational materials from the National Parkinson Foundation, complete a baseline assessment and virtual study assessment with a physician independent rater, and then receive four virtual care visits with a Parkinson disease specialist in their state. Specialists will provide recommendations for care to participants and their designated local health care provider. At 12 months, these individuals will again be assessed by the independent rater, who will be blind to treatment assignment.
Intervention Type
Other
Intervention Name(s)
Virtual Visits
Other Intervention Name(s)
Telemedicine, Teleneurology, Video call, Video conferencing
Intervention Description
Virtual visits will be completed using HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software from SBR Health and Vidyo, designed specifically for use in the healthcare industry. The software is available for Windows and Mac OS, as well as iOS devices (iPad and iPhone).
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Feasibility of Virtual Visits for Parkinson Disease
Description
Feasibility of virtual visits will be determined by the number of participants who complete at least one virtual visit successfully.
Time Frame
One year
Title
Change From Baseline in the Quality of Life Measured by Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39
Description
Assessed as the change in quality of life, measured by the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month. Assesses how often patients experience difficulties across the 8 quality of life dimensions. Assesses impact of Parkinson's Disease (PD) on specific dimensions of functioning and well-being. The score ranges from 0-100 with lower scores reflecting better quality of life.
Time Frame
Baseline to One year
Secondary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Change in EQ-5D Index Value
Description
EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) is a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status. Health status is measured in terms of five dimensions (5D); mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The scale ranges from 11111 to 55555 with higher numbers indicating worse health status. The five-digit descriptors are converted to EQ-5D Index Values, which range from -0.109 (corresponding to 55555, the worst possible health) to 1.000 (corresponding to 11111, the best possible health).
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Montreal Cognition Assessment
Description
We will assess changes in cognition from baseline to the end of the study using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), administered remotely. The scale ranges from 0-30 with higher numbers indicating better cognition.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part IA
Description
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part I concerns nonmotor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 24 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care
Description
We will assess change in the perceived quality of care using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). Each scale is scored by averaging the items completed within that scale, and the overall PACIC is scored by averaging scores across all 20 items. The scale ranges from 1-5 with higher scores indicating better care by the health team.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Minutes Spend on Last Parkinson's Disease Provider Visit
Time Frame
One year
Title
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part IB
Description
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part I concerns nonmotor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 2
Description
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part II concerns motor experiences of daily living. The scale ranges from 0 to 52 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 3
Description
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part III is retained as the motor examination. The scale ranges from 0 to 108 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Time Frame
baseline to one year
Title
Change in Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part 4
Description
Parkinson disease clinical characteristics will be assessed by a physician independent rater, blinded to treatment group, at baseline and at the conclusion of the study, using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Part IV concerns motor complications. The scale ranges from 0 to 24 with higher numbers indicated more severe disease.
Time Frame
baseline to one year

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Minimum Age & Unit of Time
30 Years
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Individuals with clinically diagnosed Idiopathic Parkinson disease in the judgment of the independent rater No better alternative explanation for the parkinsonism Access to a non-public, internet-enabled device (e.g., computer, tablet computer, smart phone) that has the capacity for web-based video conferencing Be physically located at time visits are conducted in a state where the participating physician is licensed to practice medicine Have a local care provider that the study team can contact Live at home, in a senior housing complex, or assisted living facility Be fluent in English (all participating states) or Spanish (participants in Florida and Massachusetts only) Willing and able to provide informed consent Care partner (if applicable) must be able and willing to provide informed consent to participate if he or she so chooses. Exclusion Criteria: Currently hospitalized Condition (e.g., prominent psychosis) that precludes study participation as identified by the medical professional (site investigator or nurse). Participation in another telemedicine study.
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
E. Ray Dorsey, MD, MBA
Organizational Affiliation
University of Rochester
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
University of California San Francisco
City
San Francisco
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94143
Country
United States
Facility Name
The Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center
City
Sunnyvale
State/Province
California
ZIP/Postal Code
94083
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Florida
City
Gainsville
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
32610
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Miami
City
Miami
State/Province
Florida
ZIP/Postal Code
33136
Country
United States
Facility Name
Georgia Regents University
City
Augusta
State/Province
Georgia
ZIP/Postal Code
30912
Country
United States
Facility Name
Northwestern University
City
Chicago
State/Province
Illinois
ZIP/Postal Code
60611
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Kansas Medical Center
City
Kansas City
State/Province
Kansas
ZIP/Postal Code
66160
Country
United States
Facility Name
Johns Hopkins
City
Baltimore
State/Province
Maryland
ZIP/Postal Code
21287
Country
United States
Facility Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
City
Boston
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02114
Country
United States
Facility Name
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
City
Boston
State/Province
Massachusetts
ZIP/Postal Code
02215
Country
United States
Facility Name
Struthers Parkinson Center
City
Golden Valley
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55427
Country
United States
Facility Name
The Mayo Clinic
City
Rochester
State/Province
Minnesota
ZIP/Postal Code
55905
Country
United States
Facility Name
Northshore Long Island Jewish - Feinstein Institute
City
Manhasset
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
11030
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Rochester Medical Center
City
Rochester
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
14642
Country
United States
Facility Name
Duke University Medical Center
City
Durham
State/Province
North Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
27710
Country
United States
Facility Name
Oregon Health & Science University
City
Portland
State/Province
Oregon
ZIP/Postal Code
97239
Country
United States
Facility Name
University of Pennsylvania
City
Philadelphia
State/Province
Pennsylvania
ZIP/Postal Code
19104
Country
United States
Facility Name
Medical University of South Carolina
City
Charleston
State/Province
South Carolina
ZIP/Postal Code
29425
Country
United States
Facility Name
Baylor College of Medicine
City
Houston
State/Province
Texas
ZIP/Postal Code
77030
Country
United States
Facility Name
Northwest Neurological, PLLC
City
Spokane
State/Province
Washington
ZIP/Postal Code
99202
Country
United States

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Citations:
PubMed Identifier
23479138
Citation
Dorsey ER, Venkataraman V, Grana MJ, Bull MT, George BP, Boyd CM, Beck CA, Rajan B, Seidmann A, Biglan KM. Randomized controlled clinical trial of "virtual house calls" for Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol. 2013 May;70(5):565-70. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.123.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
22991090
Citation
Grana MJ, Bull MT, Venkataraman V, Dorsey ER, Biglan KM. Web-based clinical assessments for Parkinson's disease: reliable and feasible. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 15;27(11):1466. doi: 10.1002/mds.25121. Epub 2012 Sep 18. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23102808
Citation
Abdolahi A, Scoglio N, Killoran A, Dorsey ER, Biglan KM. Potential reliability and validity of a modified version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale that could be administered remotely. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013 Feb;19(2):218-21. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.10.008. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
23054239
Citation
Willis AW, Schootman M, Tran R, Kung N, Evanoff BA, Perlmutter JS, Racette BA. Neurologist-associated reduction in PD-related hospitalizations and health care expenditures. Neurology. 2012 Oct 23;79(17):1774-80. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182703f92. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
21832214
Citation
Willis AW, Schootman M, Evanoff BA, Perlmutter JS, Racette BA. Neurologist care in Parkinson disease: a utilization, outcomes, and survival study. Neurology. 2011 Aug 30;77(9):851-7. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822c9123. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
24790799
Citation
Venkataraman V, Donohue SJ, Biglan KM, Wicks P, Dorsey ER. Virtual visits for Parkinson disease: A case series. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014 Apr;4(2):146-152. doi: 10.1212/01.CPJ.0000437937.63347.5a.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25431346
Citation
Achey MA, Beck CA, Beran DB, Boyd CM, Schmidt PN, Willis AW, Riggare SS, Simone RB, Biglan KM, Dorsey ER. Virtual house calls for Parkinson disease (Connect.Parkinson): study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. Trials. 2014 Nov 27;15:465. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-465. Erratum In: Trials. 2016;17:7.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26733455
Citation
Achey MA, Beck CA, Beran DB, Boyd CM, Schmidt PN, Willis AW, Riggare SS, Simone RB, Biglan KM, Dorsey ER. Erratum To: Virtual house calls for Parkinson disease (Connect.Parkinson): study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Jan 5;17:7. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0984-7. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
26886406
Citation
Dorsey ER, Achey MA, Beck CA, Beran DB, Biglan KM, Boyd CM, Schmidt PN, Simone R, Willis AW, Galifianakis NB, Katz M, Tanner CM, Dodenhoff K, Ziman N, Aldred J, Carter J, Jimenez-Shahed J, Hunter C, Spindler M, Mari Z, Morgan JC, McLane D, Hickey P, Gauger L, Richard IH, Bull MT, Mejia NI, Bwala G, Nance M, Shih L, Anderson L, Singer C, Zadikoff C, Okon N, Feigin A, Ayan J, Vaughan C, Pahwa R, Cooper J, Webb S, Dhall R, Hassan A, Weis D, DeMello S, Riggare SS, Wicks P, Smith J, Keenan HT, Korn R, Schwarz H, Sharma S, Stevenson EA, Zhu W. National Randomized Controlled Trial of Virtual House Calls for People with Parkinson's Disease: Interest and Barriers. Telemed J E Health. 2016 Jul;22(7):590-8. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0191. Epub 2016 Feb 17.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
25894028
Citation
Daschle T, Dorsey ER. The return of the house call. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Apr 21;162(8):587-8. doi: 10.7326/M14-2769. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
27410924
Citation
Dorsey ER, Topol EJ. State of Telehealth. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jul 14;375(2):154-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1601705. No abstract available.
Results Reference
background
PubMed Identifier
28814455
Citation
Beck CA, Beran DB, Biglan KM, Boyd CM, Dorsey ER, Schmidt PN, Simone R, Willis AW, Galifianakis NB, Katz M, Tanner CM, Dodenhoff K, Aldred J, Carter J, Fraser A, Jimenez-Shahed J, Hunter C, Spindler M, Reichwein S, Mari Z, Dunlop B, Morgan JC, McLane D, Hickey P, Gauger L, Richard IH, Mejia NI, Bwala G, Nance M, Shih LC, Singer C, Vargas-Parra S, Zadikoff C, Okon N, Feigin A, Ayan J, Vaughan C, Pahwa R, Dhall R, Hassan A, DeMello S, Riggare SS, Wicks P, Achey MA, Elson MJ, Goldenthal S, Keenan HT, Korn R, Schwarz H, Sharma S, Stevenson EA, Zhu W; Connect.Parkinson Investigators. National randomized controlled trial of virtual house calls for Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017 Sep 12;89(11):1152-1161. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004357. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
Results Reference
derived

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Connect.Parkinson: Connecting Individuals With Parkinson Disease to Specialists in Their Homes

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