Effect of Propolis Application on Burn Healing

This experimental study will be carried out at Ege University Laboratory Animals Application and Research Center to identify the efficacy of 10% propolis and 15% propolis on wound healing in a second-degree superficial burn wound. In the study, 36 adult (8-12 week old) Wistar-Albino rats with a weight of 200-300 grams will be used in each group. Each group will include 6 rats. Stratified randomization will be used to randomize rats according to their gender and weight. After randomization, a burnt area will be created on the back of the rats and dressings will be made every day. Following the creation of the burn, biopsy samples will be taken on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days and at the light microscopic level; bulla, erythema, oedema, burn depth, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, ulceration, angiogenesis, neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, collagenization, epithelization, fibrosis, the number of hair follicles and damage to the skin attachments. In the immunohistochemical examination of biopsy samples, samples will be taken for the evaluation of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase in the evaluation of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β and oxidative stress in the EBB period in order to evaluate the acute phase reactants. Fungal and gram staining will be done in order to determine the pathogen reproduction in biopsy samples taken on the 3rd and 7th day. Masson trichrome in order to detect fibrosis in biopsy samples taken on the 14th and 21st day; Hydroxyproline examination will be examined in order to evaluate collagen formation.

1st. group: It will be considered as a control group and rats will not be treated. 2nd. group: Vehicle group, Propolis vehicle will be applied to rats for 21 days. 3rd. group: Silver Sulfadiazine group, 1% Silver Sulfadiazine will be applied topically to rats for 21 days. 4th. group: Nitrafurozon group, 0.2% Nitrafurozon will be applied topically for 21 days. 5th. group: 10% Propolis group, 10% Propolis will be applied topically for 21 days. 6th. group: 15% Propolis group, 15% Propolis will be applied topically for 21 days.

the researcher who will analyze the primary outcome of the study will not know which group of animals the samples were taken from.

It will be accepted as the control group and 4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and no treatment will be given.

4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and dressing with 1% Silver Sulfadiazine will be done on the back of the rats every day for 21 days.

4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and dressing with %0.2 Nitrafurozon will be done on the back of the rats every day for 21 days.

4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and dressing with 10% Propolis will be done on the back of the rats every day for 21 days.

4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and dressing with 15% Propolis will be done on the back of the rats every day for 21 days.

4 experimental burn wounds will be created on the back of the rats in the group and dressing with Propolis vehicle will be done on the back of the rats every day for 21 days.

st. group: It will be considered as a control group and rats will not be treated. nd. group: Vehicle group, Propolis vehicle will be applied topically to rats for 21 days. rd group: Silver Sulfadiazine group, 1% Silver Sulfadiazine will be applied topically to rats for 21 days. th. group: Nitrafurozon group, 0.2% Nitrafurozon will be applied topically for 21 days. th. group: 10% Propolis group, 10% Propolis will be applied topically for 21 days. th. group: 15% Propolis group, 15% Propolis will be applied topically for 21 days.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Bulla will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Bulla will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Bulla will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Erythemawill be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Edema will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Edema will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Edema will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Edema will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Inflammatory cell infiltration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Inflammatory cell infiltration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Inflammatory cell infiltration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Inflammatory cell infiltration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Necrosis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Necrosis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Necrosis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Necrosis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Ulceration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Ulceration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Ulceration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Ulceration will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Angiogenesis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Angiogenesis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Angiogenesis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Angiogenesis will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Fibroblast proliferation will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Fibroblast proliferation will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Fibroblast proliferation will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Fibroblast proliferation will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Epithelization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Epithelization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Epithelization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Epithelization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Collagenization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Collagenization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Collagenization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Collagenization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Colonization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Colonization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Colonization will be considered as present or absent.

examination of the skin at the light microscopic level. Colonization will be considered as present or absent.

Inclusion Criteria: adult (8-12 weeks) 200-300 grams Wistar-Albino rat with 4 second-degree superficial contact burn are at its back. Exclusion Criteria: the death of the rat in the research process