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Effect of Rate (Slope) of Compression on the Incidence of Symptomatic ETD and MEB: a Phase III Prospective Study.

Primary Purpose

Ear Barotrauma, Middle Ear Disease, Ear Diseases

Status
Recruiting
Phase
Not Applicable
Locations
United States
Study Type
Interventional
Intervention
Compression Profile/Schedule: 15 minute Non-Linear compression from start of the daily treatment until treatment pressure is reached (45 fsw)
Compression Profile/Schedule: 15 minute Linear compression from start of the daily treatment until treatment pressure is reached (45 fsw)
Sponsored by
Northwell Health
About
Eligibility
Locations
Arms
Outcomes
Full info

About this trial

This is an interventional prevention trial for Ear Barotrauma focused on measuring Ear Pressure, Otic Barotrauma, Hyperbaric, Pressure Equalization, O'Neill Grading System, Compression Rate

Eligibility Criteria

undefined - undefined (Child, Adult, Older Adult)All SexesDoes not accept healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

- Any patient meeting the proper diagnosis and indications to be treated with hyperbaric oxygen.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any patient with absolute contraindications to hyperbaric oxygen treatment
  • Patients with chronic bilateral perforation of the tympanic membrane or;
  • A history of prior surgical placement of myringotomy tubes.

Sites / Locations

  • Phelps Hospital Northwell HealthRecruiting

Arms of the Study

Arm 1

Arm 2

Arm Type

Active Comparator

Active Comparator

Arm Label

15 Minute Non-linear Compression Profile

15 Minute Linear Compression Profile

Arm Description

Compression Profile/Schedule 1 = 15 minute non-linear, Total Time Interval of Compression to treatment depth = 15 minutes Rate (slope) of compression = Non-Linear rate of compression = 2 fsw/min to a depth of 13 fsw, then 3 fsw/min up to a depth of 35 fsw, then 5 fsw/min to arrival at the treatment depth of 45 fsw

Compression Profile/Schedule 2 = 15 minute linear, Total Time Interval of Compression to treatment depth = 15 minutes Rate (slope) of compression = Linear rate of compression = 4.5 fsw/min to arrival at the treatment depth 45 fsw

Outcomes

Primary Outcome Measures

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber Treatment Stops/Holds during compression
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) protocols include a compression phase. Pressure is increased until final treatment pressure is achieved. Pressure changes vary between 14.7 psi to 35 psi. Patients experience symptoms of pain or pressure in the middle ear space because they cannot clear middle ear pressure upon compression of the chamber. Pressure symptoms are time related but not as yet slope related. Using varying rates of pressure may decrease discomfort related to clearing middle ear pressure known as Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB). They are the most common adverse effects of HBOT. The authors believe a change in slope rate of compression may decrease the occurrence of stops and decrease the incidence of ETD and MEB during HBOT. Decreasing rate of compression may further mitigate risk and decrease the incidence of symptomatic ETD and MEB.
Severity of ETD/MEB when a patient has a stop/hold during compression
Photo otoscopy and the severity of eustachian tub dysfunction and/or middle ear barotrauma will be defined using the O'Neill Grading System when a patient experiences a stop or hold during the compression phase of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. O'Neill Grading System: 0 = Symptoms of Eustachian tube dysfunction with no objective signs of barotrauma on otoscopy = Objective evidence indicating the presence of erythema, air trapping or serous/serosanguinous effusion = Any frank bleeding in the middle ear space, tympanic membrane, external ear canal, or perforation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Full Information

First Posted
February 10, 2021
Last Updated
October 18, 2023
Sponsor
Northwell Health
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1. Study Identification

Unique Protocol Identification Number
NCT04804098
Brief Title
Effect of Rate (Slope) of Compression on the Incidence of Symptomatic ETD and MEB: a Phase III Prospective Study.
Official Title
The Effect of Rate (Slope) of Compression on the Incidence of Symptomatic Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Middle Ear Barotrauma: a Phase III Prospective Study.
Study Type
Interventional

2. Study Status

Record Verification Date
October 2023
Overall Recruitment Status
Recruiting
Study Start Date
September 20, 2021 (Actual)
Primary Completion Date
October 31, 2024 (Anticipated)
Study Completion Date
December 1, 2024 (Anticipated)

3. Sponsor/Collaborators

Responsible Party, by Official Title
Principal Investigator
Name of the Sponsor
Northwell Health

4. Oversight

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product
No
Data Monitoring Committee
No

5. Study Description

Brief Summary
Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are common reported complications during hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The Phase I study data was the first to demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in the occurrence of symptomatic ETD and middle ear barotrauma (MEB). The Phase I Trial suggested the total time interval and rate (slope) of compression (ROC) may be a determining factor in ETD and MEB. This Phase II study investigates an optimal total time interval and rate of compression to reduce ETD and MEB when considering each multiplace treatment (with multiple patients) as the unit of observation collectively as a group, rather than for each individual patient. Data will be collected prospectively on group patient-treatment exposures. Our investigators randomly assign patient-treatment group exposures to two different rates (slopes) of compression. These are limited to the linear versus the non-linear rates (slopes) of compression identical to two of four compression profiles used in the Phase I and Phase II trials. All patients experiencing symptoms of ETD and MEB requiring compression stops will be evaluated post treatment to confirm the presence of ETD and MEB using the O'Neill Grading System (OGS). Data will be analyzed using the IBM-SPSS statistical software program. The number of compression holds observed in each of the compression schedules/compression profiles using an identical 15-minute total time interval of compression but varying in the rate (slope) of compression will be recorded as in the Phase I and II studies. Symptomatic patients who required compression stops (as in the Phase I trial) using a USN TT 9 during elective hyperbaric oxygen treatments in a Class A multiplace hyperbaric chamber will be compared. Statistical analysis using descriptive and Inferential statistics will be applied to the patients requiring first stops in the compression profiles. This will be used to further evaluate the data restricted to the rate of compression (linear vs. non-linear) and whether this is associated with the number of compression holds. The 15-minute total time interval of compression will be identical in both compression profiles studied since this was found to be the total time interval of compression with the least number of treatment stops/holds in the phase I and phase II studies.
Detailed Description
Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) are common reported complications during hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The Phase I study data was the first to demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in the occurrence of symptomatic ETD and middle ear barotrauma (MEB) in specific compression profiles among those used as common standards of care in hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The Phase I Trial suggested the total time interval and rate (slope) of compression (ROC) may be a determining factor in ETD and MEB. The Phase II study investigated tested the robustness of these findings with a larger sample size and failed to determine an optimal rate of compression to reduce ETD and MEB when considering each multiplace treatment (with multiple patients) as the unit of observation collectively as a group, rather than for each individual patient. In this phase III trial we will increase sample size further to determine if the effect size of the rate (slope) of compression is smaller than anticipated in the phase I and II studies requiring a larger sample size and greater power. This study will be restricted to the two compression profiles limited to the 15 minute total time interval of compression which was found to be the time interval associated with the least number of treatment holds or stops. Data will be collected prospectively on group patient-treatment exposures. The investigators will randomly assign patient-treatment group exposures to a single identical time interval but different rates (slopes) of compression. These compression rates (slopes) were identical to those used in the Phase I and II trials. All patients experiencing symptoms of ETD and MEB requiring compression stops or holds will be evaluated post-treatment to confirm the presence of ETD and MEB using the O'Neill Grading System (OGS) for ETD/MEB. For approximately 10 years, the investigators hyperbaric center used a routine daily multiplace chamber treatment protocol to a depth of 45 feet of seawater (fsw) (modified U.S. Navy Treatment Table 9). The chamber was compressed over a 10-minute time interval representing a 4.5 fsw/minute uniform rate of compression. This 4.5-fsw/minute compression rate throughout the total 10-minute time interval of treatment was used as a baseline compression rate to compare all other compression schedules [total compression time interval/compression rates (slopes)]. The investigators will prospectively collect data on patient-treatment group exposures after formalizing two different compression schedules each including a unique compression rate (slope) linear vs. non-linear but using the same 15-minute time interval of compression. This was similar to the Phase I and Phase II study but limited to two compression profiles. Data will be collected prospectively on all patients receiving treatment from September 1, 2021, and October 31, 2023, and combined with the data obtained in the Phase I and II trials collected from September 8, 2014 to September 8, 2016; and February 11, 2019, and February 10, 2020 respectively. This Phase III study defines the unit of observations as a multiplace patient-treatment group exposure rather than individual patient treatment exposures. This approach was considered appropriate as a treatment stop or hold in a multiplace chamber affects all other patient occupants in the same treatment group exposure. It results in a hold for all patients in the multiplace chamber during that respective treatment. The possible effects on the other patients in the same treatment group could possibly confound our outcomes. The effect of rate (slope) of compression on an individual patient can be better ascertained at the individual patient level in a monoplace chamber, without influencing the effect on other patients. To mitigate the risk of confounding, only the first stop will be used as the stop or hold indicator for that particular patient-treatment group exposure. Data will be collected on the patient(s) experiencing the stop or hold. All patients will undergo pre-treatment video otoscopy with baseline tympanic membrane (TM) photos and video of TM motion documenting the patients ability to equalize. This is used to assess potential Eustachian tube patency and proper equalization performance to help exclude individual patient technique as a confounding variable. Photos will be repeated at the end of treatment on any patient(s) complaining of symptoms referable to ETD/MEB that require a stop during compression. Multiple stops for the same patient on the same treatment will not be considered. Only the first compression stop or hold during each treatment exposure will be recorded or assigned as a patient-treatment stop representing that particular patient-treatment group exposure. Compression stops will be made when any patient experiences difficulty equalizing (requests a stop or complains of ear discomfort of any type). Repeat video otoscopy will be conducted on all patients complaining of symptoms referable to ETD or MEB to objectively document the grade of barotrauma at the end of the treatment. The O'Neill Grading System will be used to record the severity of the ETD or MEB. The depth of the stop, the treatment number for that particular patient, and the actions taken to alleviate the symptoms during equalization will be recorded. The depth of the compression stop will be recorded in feet of seawater (fsw) as will be the ascent (fsw) required for the patient to clear the middle ear pressure and relieve the symptoms. The patients symptoms must be resolved, rendering the patient asymptomatic and able to continue the treatment compression profile. All team members (physicians, nurses, and technicians) present and working on the day of the exposure, are responsible for viewing the patients pre and post tympanic membrane photos and determining the grade of barotrauma using the OGS criteria. All stops were categorized under the respective compression protocol used for that particular patient-treatment group exposure. Data will then compared using both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis including the risk difference, odds ratio (OR), two-tailed Chi Square analysis using α=0.05, and outcomes will be studied separately in a logistic regression analysis.

6. Conditions and Keywords

Primary Disease or Condition Being Studied in the Trial, or the Focus of the Study
Ear Barotrauma, Middle Ear Disease, Ear Diseases, Pressure Injury, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction, Middle Ear; Injury, Middle Ear Barotrauma
Keywords
Ear Pressure, Otic Barotrauma, Hyperbaric, Pressure Equalization, O'Neill Grading System, Compression Rate

7. Study Design

Primary Purpose
Prevention
Study Phase
Not Applicable
Interventional Study Model
Crossover Assignment
Masking
Participant
Allocation
Randomized
Enrollment
300 (Anticipated)

8. Arms, Groups, and Interventions

Arm Title
15 Minute Non-linear Compression Profile
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Compression Profile/Schedule 1 = 15 minute non-linear, Total Time Interval of Compression to treatment depth = 15 minutes Rate (slope) of compression = Non-Linear rate of compression = 2 fsw/min to a depth of 13 fsw, then 3 fsw/min up to a depth of 35 fsw, then 5 fsw/min to arrival at the treatment depth of 45 fsw
Arm Title
15 Minute Linear Compression Profile
Arm Type
Active Comparator
Arm Description
Compression Profile/Schedule 2 = 15 minute linear, Total Time Interval of Compression to treatment depth = 15 minutes Rate (slope) of compression = Linear rate of compression = 4.5 fsw/min to arrival at the treatment depth 45 fsw
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Compression Profile/Schedule: 15 minute Non-Linear compression from start of the daily treatment until treatment pressure is reached (45 fsw)
Other Intervention Name(s)
Hyperbaric Compression Schedule 15 min non-linear
Intervention Description
Patients will be compressed according to the 15 minute non-linear compression schedule on a rotating daily basis. A total of 2 randomized hyperbaric treatment compression profiles (accepted standards of care) will be alternated over the patients course of treatment on a daily basis daily to the prescribed treatment depth. There are multiple patients exposed during the compression profile randomized for that day. The patients are exposed over the course of 4-12 weeks using one of the two compression protocols to be studied on alternating days.
Intervention Type
Procedure
Intervention Name(s)
Compression Profile/Schedule: 15 minute Linear compression from start of the daily treatment until treatment pressure is reached (45 fsw)
Other Intervention Name(s)
Hyperbaric Compression Schedule 15 min linear
Intervention Description
Patients will be compressed according to the 15 minute linear compression schedule on a rotating daily basis with compression. A total of 2 randomized hyperbaric treatment compression profiles (accepted standards of care) will be alternated over the patients course of treatment on a daily basis daily to the prescribed treatment depth. There are multiple patients exposed during the compression profile randomized for that day. The patients are exposed over the course of 4-12 weeks using one of the two compression protocols to be studied on alternating days.
Primary Outcome Measure Information:
Title
Hyperbaric oxygen chamber Treatment Stops/Holds during compression
Description
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) protocols include a compression phase. Pressure is increased until final treatment pressure is achieved. Pressure changes vary between 14.7 psi to 35 psi. Patients experience symptoms of pain or pressure in the middle ear space because they cannot clear middle ear pressure upon compression of the chamber. Pressure symptoms are time related but not as yet slope related. Using varying rates of pressure may decrease discomfort related to clearing middle ear pressure known as Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear barotrauma (MEB). They are the most common adverse effects of HBOT. The authors believe a change in slope rate of compression may decrease the occurrence of stops and decrease the incidence of ETD and MEB during HBOT. Decreasing rate of compression may further mitigate risk and decrease the incidence of symptomatic ETD and MEB.
Time Frame
Patients are assessed during each hyperbaric chamber compression until reaching treatment pressure/depth daily throughout the entire treatment course that varies based on diagnosis over 4-12 weeks
Title
Severity of ETD/MEB when a patient has a stop/hold during compression
Description
Photo otoscopy and the severity of eustachian tub dysfunction and/or middle ear barotrauma will be defined using the O'Neill Grading System when a patient experiences a stop or hold during the compression phase of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. O'Neill Grading System: 0 = Symptoms of Eustachian tube dysfunction with no objective signs of barotrauma on otoscopy = Objective evidence indicating the presence of erythema, air trapping or serous/serosanguinous effusion = Any frank bleeding in the middle ear space, tympanic membrane, external ear canal, or perforation
Time Frame
Patients are assessed during each hyperbaric chamber compression until reaching treatment pressure/depth daily throughout the entire treatment course that varies based on diagnosis over 4-12 weeks

10. Eligibility

Sex
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: - Any patient meeting the proper diagnosis and indications to be treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Exclusion Criteria: Any patient with absolute contraindications to hyperbaric oxygen treatment Patients with chronic bilateral perforation of the tympanic membrane or; A history of prior surgical placement of myringotomy tubes.
Central Contact Person:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
Owen J O'Neill, MD, MPH
Phone
914-366-6665
Email
ooneill@northwell.edu
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name or Official Title & Degree
David Dayya, DO, PhD, MPH
Phone
914 - 366 - 3690
Email
ddayya1@northwell.edu
Overall Study Officials:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Owen J O'Neill, MD, MPH
Organizational Affiliation
Phelps Hospital Northwell Health
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
David Dayya, DO, PhD, MPH
Organizational Affiliation
Phelps Hospital Northwell Health
Official's Role
Principal Investigator
Facility Information:
Facility Name
Phelps Hospital Northwell Health
City
Sleepy Hollow
State/Province
New York
ZIP/Postal Code
10591
Country
United States
Individual Site Status
Recruiting
Facility Contact:
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
Owen J O'Neill, MD, MPH
Phone
914-366-6665
Email
OONeill@northwell.edu
First Name & Middle Initial & Last Name & Degree
David Dayya, DO, PhD, MPH
Phone
914-366-3690
Email
DDayya1@northwell.edu

12. IPD Sharing Statement

Plan to Share IPD
Yes
IPD Sharing Plan Description
Would consider if other researchers are studying similar research question and interested in collaboration.
IPD Sharing Time Frame
Post publication
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
Contact Primary Investgators by Email
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Effect of Rate (Slope) of Compression on the Incidence of Symptomatic ETD and MEB: a Phase III Prospective Study.

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