Effects of Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Restriction Relative to Fasting on Metabolism, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Healthy Males.
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome
About this trial
This is an interventional basic science trial for Obesity focused on measuring Fasted exercise, Low-carbohydrate, High-protein, Appetite, Energy Intake, Metabolism
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Non-smokers (due to the well-known impact of smoking on appetite.
- Not currently on a weight management program or have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8 h other than overnight).
- Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise).
- Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations and/or substrate metabolism.
- Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
Sites / Locations
- Loughborough University
- Nottingham Trent University
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Arm 3
Experimental
Experimental
Experimental
Low-Carbohydrate Pre-Exercise Meal
High-Carbohydrate Pre-Exercise Meal
Fasted Exercise
Participants will consume a low-carbohydrate (<10% carbohydrate) lunch meal at 13:30 - 2.5 hours prior to commencing exercise at 16:00.
Participants will consume a high-carbohydrate (~2.2 g/kg carbohydrate) lunch meal at 13:30 - 2.5 hours prior to commencing exercise at 16:00.
Participants will skip lunch, and continue fasting since breakfast (08:00) before commencing exercise at 16:00. Therefore, exercise will commence after an 8 hour period of fasting.