Effects of Progressive Negative Energy Balance on Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Beta-cell Function
Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose Intolerance, Insulin Resistance
About this trial
This is an interventional treatment trial for Insulin Sensitivity
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy males and females
- Age between 21-65 years
- BMI from ≥18 to <30 kg/m2 (BMI is equal to body weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Persons with metabolic diseases that require use of medications (e.g. diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, etc.)
- Persons using tobacco products (smokes daily or occasionally)
- Persons who regularly consume alcohol (≥1 drink/day)
- Women on oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women
- Persons who have had recent weight loss or gain (≥5% over the past 6 months)
- Persons with contraindication to calorie restriction (e.g. anemia) or exercise (e.g. asthma)
Sites / Locations
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre
Arms of the Study
Arm 1
Arm 2
Experimental
Experimental
Diet-induced negative energy balance
Exercise-induced negative energy balance
For the diet-induced negative energy balance arm, the three trials will include one control trial (isocaloric diet; zero energy balance) and two trials of progressively increasing negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction (20% and 40% reduction of daily energy needs for weight maintenance). With respect to physical activity, all diet trials will be performed under resting conditions.
For the exercise-induced negative energy balance arm, the three trials will include one control trial (rest; zero energy balance) and two trials of progressively increasing negative energy balance induced by aerobic exercise (20% and 40% reduction of daily energy needs for weight maintenance); with respect to caloric intake, all exercise trials will be performed under isocaloric conditions.