Metabolic Impact of Fat Digestion (LIPINFLOX)

Metabolic Impact of the Digestion of Fat in Emulsified vs Non-emulsified Form in Lean or Obese Volunteers

In this study, the investigators are interested in investigating how the emulsification state and amount of fat in a meal can modify the kinetics of postprandial lipemia and inflammatory outcomes (including endotoxemia) in obese vs lean subjects. 10 lean and 10 obese volunteers will come 3 times (>3 weeks apart) at the investigation center to receive a standard breakfast containing milk fat (10 g non emulsified, or 40 g non emulsified, or 40 g finely emulsified). 13C triglyceride stable isotopes will allow to follow the metabolic fate of fatty acids and calculate lipid oxidation by breath test. Blood sampling throughout digestion will allow to measure metabolic, lipid and inflammation parameters. Stool will be analysed to determine lipid losses in faeces and to phenotype microbiota.

The subjects receive three sequences of different breakfasts. They are compared using the repeated measurements taken within subjects.

The subjects receive three sequences of different breakfasts. They are compared using the repeated measurements taken within subjects.

All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast containing : 10 g non emulsified or 40 g non emulsified or 40 g finely emulsified of milk fat with stable isotope (13C triglyceride). The administration order is determined by randomized allocation. The wash-out period is three weeks. There are not diet or exercise interventions. Only, one week before and three days after, the subjects consume neither naturally enriched in 13C foods or pre/probiotics. In addition, three days before and three days after each test, the subjects receive dietary instructions

Time of appearance of plasma triglyceride peak after ingestion of emulsified vs unemulsified fat during breakfast

Kinectics of: Lipid oxidation plasma metabolite concentrations Endotoxemia and plasma markers of inflammation 13 C-fatty acid appearance in plasma

Subgroups analysis on subjects BMI amount of ingested fat and emulsified or unemulsified state of ingested fat

Inclusion Criteria: No smokers BMI 18 to 35 kg/m2 Moderate physical activity Safety subject during medical consultation Exclusion Criteria: Medical history which may affect lipid metabolism and gut microflora (renal -cardiovascular -hepatic- endocrine-inflammatory diseases) Drug use that could affect lipid metabolism and gut microflora (steroids, antilipemic agent, anorectic, antibiotic) Inflammatory or infectious disease in the last three month C Reactive Protein > 20 Prebiotic or probiotic high consumers (several times a day) Eating disorder Claustrophobic subjects

Vors C, Drai J, Pineau G, Laville M, Vidal H, Laugerette F, Michalski MC. Emulsifying dietary fat modulates postprandial endotoxemia associated with chylomicronemia in obese men: a pilot randomized crossover study. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 25;16(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0486-6.

Vors C, Pineau G, Drai J, Meugnier E, Pesenti S, Laville M, Laugerette F, Malpuech-Brugere C, Vidal H, Michalski MC. Postprandial Endotoxemia Linked With Chylomicrons and Lipopolysaccharides Handling in Obese Versus Lean Men: A Lipid Dose-Effect Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Sep;100(9):3427-35. doi: 10.1210/JC.2015-2518. Epub 2015 Jul 7.

Vors C, Drai J, Gabert L, Pineau G, Laville M, Vidal H, Guichard E, Michalski MC, Feron G. Salivary composition in obese vs normal-weight subjects: towards a role in postprandial lipid metabolism? Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Sep;39(9):1425-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.71. Epub 2015 Apr 28.

Vors C, Pineau G, Gabert L, Drai J, Louche-Pelissier C, Defoort C, Lairon D, Desage M, Danthine S, Lambert-Porcheron S, Vidal H, Laville M, Michalski MC. Modulating absorption and postprandial handling of dietary fatty acids by structuring fat in the meal: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jan;97(1):23-36. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.043976. Epub 2012 Dec 12.