Ultrasound (US) Measurement of Sarcopenia in the Elder Subject (MESSAGE)

Sarcopenia is a generalized, progressive and multifactorial muscle impairment, causing multiple pathologies and their consequences such as falls, fractures, dependence, worsening of cognitive disorders and death. Interventions to combat the progression of sarcopenia should be introduced as soon as clinically suspected, based on functional tests to measure muscle strength. Diagnostic confirmation of sarcopenia can be done using several validated methods of estimating muscle mass: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), biphotonic absorptiometry (DEXA) or bio-impedanceometry. Their availability in clinical routine remains limited due to their high costs and/or lack of accessibility depending on the place of practice. On the other hand, there are certain pitfalls for carrying out these various examinations, in connection with several common clinical problems in the study population: mobility disorders and neurodegenerative disorders disabling for transport and access to the examination table for imaging examinations, hydration disorders distorting measures for bio-impedancetry. Previous studies suggest that ultrasound may be as effective a tool as previous methods for diagnostic confirmation of sarcopenia. Because of its non-invasive and non-irradiating nature, its affordability, its short duration of realization, its availability and its low constraints of realization, the ultrasound could help to remove some of the current limits to the diagnostic confirmation of sarcopenia. The investigators hypothesis is that ultrasound can be used to implement a simple and reliable protocol for assessing sarcopenia in the elderly. It could also be used to detect sarcopenia at an early stage ("presarcopenia") while the decrease in muscle mass is not yet accompanied by a decrease in skeletal muscle strength.

To determine the most relevant combination of ultrasound measurements, the investigators will assess the muscles thickness in centimeters.

To explore whether muscle elasticity is a relevant ultrasound measure for assessing sarcopenia in an elderly geriatric population. Muscles elasticity will be assessed in meter/seconde.

Inclusion Criteria: Age 75 or older SARC-F > 4 Decrease in muscle strength: grip strength <27 kg for men and <16 kg for women; and/or Chair stand test < 15 seconds Patient affiliated or beneficiary of a social security plan Patient who has signed informed consent beforehand Exclusion Criteria: Neurocognitive disorder preventing the expression of informed consent Lack of a measurement site (muscle resection or amputation) Impossibility or contraindication to strict dorsal and/or ventral decubitus Any associated neuromuscular pathology that may alter muscle composition and trophicity Wearing a pacemaker Any state of water inflation or dehydration History of surgery on the studied lower limb less than 6 months old Patients protected by law under guardianship or under curate, or unable to participate in a clinical study under Article L. 1121-16 of the French Code of Public Health