Active clinical trials for "Acute Lung Injury"

In patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which also as known as extracorporeal life support, may be used. This technique helps the lungs by providing oxygenation to the blood via an external gas exchanger and thus participates partially or fully in gas exchange. The ECMO device includes a pump for draining and returning blood at a certain blood flow rate (ECMO blood flow). An ECMO rate that is adapted to the patient's cardiac output (CO) is essential for effective oxygenation for patients. The objective for clinicians is an ECMO blood flow to cardiac output ≥40%, which can go up to 100% as needed. In addition to the expected benefit in the management of the patient with ARDS, measuring CO is, therefore, all the more important in patients requiring ECMO. Monitoring CO in a patient with ECMO is not only for determining the minimum ECMO blood flow rate but also for optimizing the functioning of the ECMO. However, the validity of techniques for measuring CO in patients with ECMO has been poorly studied. The reliability of the CO measurement by transpulmonary thermodilution is questioned since the extracorporeal circulation may influence the pathway of cold indicator injected into the patients' circulation and the thermodilution curve measured from the femoral arterial is thereby modified.

For ECMO supported patients with severe ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), usual care include use of "ultraprotective" mechanical ventilation with tidal volume and pressure reductions that might ultimately enhance lung protection of patients with ARDS. Although very low tidal might also cause pulmonary derecruitment. The aim of this study is to monitor effects of very low tidal volume on regression of overdistension and derecruitment using electrical impedance tomography. Secondary aim is to describe the evolution of the optimal PEEP (Positive End Expiratory Pressure) during the decrease of the tidal volume

The aim is to test a device for applying continuous negative abdominal pressure in patients with ARDS

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is defined according to the Berlin definition (1) as diffuse lung damage occurring in patients with a predisposing risk factor. Positioning in the prone position (PP) has been shown to decrease mortality in patients with moderate to severe ARDS. However, this technique is not without deleterious effects such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, endotracheal tube obstruction, development of pressure ulcers, and increased workload for the caregivers. There are other positioning techniques such as the "upright" position, which simulates a relative verticality, which allows to increase the effects of the prone position and even in some patients to improve oxygenation without the PP in the acute phase of ARDS. However, given the revolution caused by the use of PP in ARDS patients, verticalization have not been studied in more details. Today, there is a bed on the market that allows patients to be truly upright without having to transfer them to a tilt table. The investigators believe that raising ARDS patients in the acute phase is safe and feasible in routine practice. In this research protocol comparing PP and verticalization in a crossover trial design in acute ARDS patients, the investigators want to show that this technique can be safe and feasible, with the same effects on oxygenation as PP.

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness are two consequences of prolonged mechanical ventilation and critical illness in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both complicate the process of withdrawing mechanical ventilation, increase hospital mortality and cause chronic disability in survivors. During transition from controlled to spontaneous breathing, these complications of critical illness favor an abnormal respiratory pattern and recruit accessory respiratory muscles which may promote additional lung and muscle injury. The type of ventilatory support and positioning may affect the muscle dysfunction and patient-self-inflicted lung injury at spontaneous breathing onset. In that regard, ARDS patients with ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and ICU-acquired weakness who are transitioning from controlled to partial ventilatory support probably present an abnormal respiratory pattern which exacerbates lung and muscle injury. Physiological-oriented ventilatory approaches based on prone positioning or semi recumbent positioning with abdominal binding at spontaneous breathing onset, could decrease lung and muscle injury by favoring a better neuromuscular efficiency, and preventing intense inspiratory efforts and high transpulmonary driving pressures, as well as high-magnitude pendelluft. In the current project, in addition to perform a multimodal description of the severity of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and ICU-acquired weakness in prolonged mechanically ventilated ARDS patients, prone positioning and supine plus abdominal binding at spontaneous breathing onset will be evaluated.

Rationale Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. The identification of ARDS phenotypes, based on focal or non-focal lung morphology, can be helpful to better target mechanical ventilation strategies of individual patients. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive tool that can accurately distinguish 'focal' from 'non-focal' lung morphology. The investigators hypothesize that LUS-guided personalized mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients will lead to a reduction in 90-day mortality compared to conventional mechanical ventilation.

Acute rehabilitation in critically ill patients can improve post-intensive care unit (post-ICU) physical function. Scientific evidence has considered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a promising approach for the early rehabilitation of patients during and/or after ICU. Neuromuscular electrostimulation can be an alternative form of muscle exercise that helps to gain strength in critically ill patients with COVID -19, due to the severe weakness that patients experience due to longer MV, analgesia and NMB duration. Thus, the general objective of evaluating the effects of an early rehabilitation protocol on the strength and functionality of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 variants and specifically compare the effectiveness of NMES associated with the functional rehabilitation protocol(FR). Also, describe demographics, clinical status, ICU therapies, mortality estimates and Hospital outcomes, of every patients admitted in ICU during the observation periods.

The scientific community is in search for novel therapies that can help to face the ongoing epidemics of novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) originated in China in December 2019. At present, there are no proven interventions to prevent progression of the disease. Some preliminary data on SARS pneumonia suggest that inhaled Nitric Oxide (NO) could have beneficial effects on SARS-CoV-2 due to the genomic similarities between this two coronaviruses. In this study we will test whether inhaled NO therapy prevents progression in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.

The study is a prospective, randomized, controlled investigation designed for comparison of two groups for the reduction of respiratory distress in a CoViD-19 population, using gammaCore Sapphire (nVNS) plus standard of care (active) vs. standard of care alone (SoC), the control group. The gammaCore® (nVNS) treatments will be used acutely and prophylactically. The aims of this study are to summarize and compare the incidence of clinical events and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients randomized to use of gammaCore Sapphire plus standard of care vs standard of care alone in patients hospitalized for CoViD-19. Secondary objectives are demonstrate the safety of gammaCore Sapphire use in patients hospitalized for CoViD-19.

This is a Phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study to assess the safety and efficacy of a single dose of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) infusion in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). This study is the extension of the Phase 1 pilot study (NCT01775774) and Phase 2a study (NCT02097641).