Active clinical trials for "Hypoxia"

Among term infants, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to acute perinatal asphyxia remains an important cause of brain injury in childhood. Infants with moderate encephalopathy have a 10 percent risk of death, and those who survive have a 30 percent risk of disabilities. Sixty percent of infants with severe encephalopathy die, and many, if not all, survivors are disabled. Whole-body hypothermia reduces the risk of death or disability in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass is a common surgical therapy for patients suffering from coronary artery diseases. The heart is subjected to a long period of ischemia due to the occlusion of the aorta. The heavy burden of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) thus induces cardiomyocyte death, which can paradoxically reduce the beneficial effect of CABG. Preconditioning by moderate hypoxia or hyperoxia serves as an effective drug-free method to increase the organism's resistance to negative effects, including IRI.

Background: Propofol based sedated anesthesia was widely used in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and hypoxia is one of the most frequent adverse events during this procedure. No effective methods have been found to prevent hypoxia so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incidence of hypoxia was different under high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, which can provide heated and humidified oxygen up to 60L/minute. Methods: In a randomized, prospective and double-blind study, 318 patients undergo percutaneous radiofrequency ablation based on propofol sedation were assigned into two groups: the nasal cannula group (O2 [6 L/minute] was supplied via an HFNC) and the HFNC group (O2 [40 L/minute] was supplied via an HFNC). The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxia during surgery. Other adverse events were also recorded.

Actively developing stem cells (SCs) transplantation techniques cause natural interest to the problem of regeneration in the lungs. Numerous experimental studies proved the benefits of different types of SCs in experimental models of pulmonary emphysema (PE). G. Zhen et al. have shown that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to rats with papain-induced emphysema leads to their migration into the lungs, differentiation into type 2 alveolocytes, and inhibition of apoptosis and prevention PE. K. Schweitzer et al. have proved the activity of inflammation in the airways, alveolocytes and endothelial cells apoptosis decreased after adipose SCs intravenous administration to mice with emphysema caused by chronic exposure to tobacco smoke or VEGF receptors blockade. The study of E.P. Ingenito et al. found that endobronchial installed MSCs engraft into the alveolar wall and peribronchial interstitium and release integrins, extracellular matrix components (collagen IV, laminin and fibrillin), platelet-derived growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor β2. Our study also found reliable deterrent effect of allogeneic bone marrow MSCs on the development of elastase-induced emphysema in rats at different terms of transplantation. After the success of pilot studies have started clinical trials. Currently, the website http://www. ClinicalTrials.gov reported three studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of MSC transplantation in patients with COPD and emphysema. Two of them have already been completed and the results of the first pilot project published. Authors on the example of 4 patients showed a complete absence of adverse effects, improved quality of life and stability of functional parameters at 12 months after starting treatment One of the problems of MSC transplantation in patients with respiratory failure is an accelerated apoptosis of transplanted cells under the influence of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Since it is proved that preconditioning MSCs under hypoxia increases their survival in hypoxic conditions, increases the expression of growth factors and antiinflammatory cytokines, we suppose that MSCs grown in hypoxic medium may have a significant positive effect on the disease.

In low oxygen environments, such as altitude, some adults may become ill and suffer from acute mountain sickness. Further, all adults will find that exercising becomes much more difficult when compared with exercise at lower altitudes (e.g. sea-level). The purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of two drugs that may help people adjust to high-altitude quickly, prevent them from becoming ill and improve their exercise performance. The drugs are Methazolamide and Aminophylline.

Acute illness is the most common presentation of children attending ambulatory care settings. Serious infections (e.g. meningitis, sepsis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia) are rare, but their impact is quite large (increased morbidity, mortality, induced fear in parents and defensive behaviour in clinicians). Early recognition and adequate referral of serious infections are essential to avoid complications (e.g. hearing loss after bacterial meningitis) and their accompanied mortality. Secondly, we aim to reduce the number of investigations, referrals, treatments and hospitalisations in children who are diagnosed with a non-serious infection. Apart from the cost-effectiveness, this could lead to less traumatic experiences for the child and less fear induction for the concerned parent. Finally, we aim to support the clinicians to rationalise their antibiotic prescribing behaviour, resulting in a reduction of antibiotic resistance in the long run.

Using the brain and the heart as index organs, perioperative interventions to optimize cerebral oxygen saturation and cardiac contractility in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery should have a beneficial systemic effect for enhancing global tissue perfusion and improve outcomes.

During One-lung ventilation, the use of lower tidal volumes (VT) is helpful to avoid over-distension, provide sufficient oxygenation, but can result in increased atelectasis. Nevertheless, it is not known if, during one-lung ventilation with constant low VT, moderate levels of PEEP combined with lung recruitment maneuvers are superior to variable low tidal volume for intraoperative oxygenation and protection against PPCs. Aim of the study is to compare a strategy using constant tidal volume with recruitment maneuvers versus variable tidal volume with recruitment maneuvers during thoracic surgery in adults. We hypothesize that in adult, non-obese patients undergoing thoracic surgery under standardized OLV with variable tidal volumes, modearte PEEP and recruitment maneuvers as compared to constant without recruitment maneuvers prevent PPCs. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: FIX TIDAL VOLUME GROUP (Groupfix): mechanical ventilation with constant (6 ml/kgIBW) tidal volume and PEEP of 5 cmH2O with recruitment maneuvers VARIABLE TIDAL VOLUME GROUP (Groupvar): mechanical ventilation with variable (6 ml/kgIBW ± 33%) tidal volume with variable respiratory rate to maintain constant minute ventilation and PEEP of 5 cmH2O with recruitment maneuvers.

The study will aim to describe and evaluate the effect of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on acute mountain sickness symptoms and exercise in a hypoxic environment. It is hypothesized that beetroot supplementation will decrease acute mountain sickness and increase exercise performance.

To determine if a prolonged high altitude simulation test (HAST) lasting two hours, identifies more patients at risk of respiratory failure than the standard HAST lasting 20 minutes, in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) and severe pulmonary restriction. To evaluate the safety of supplemental oxygen administered in those with a positive HAST in the NMD population.