Active clinical trials for "Bacteremia"

Clinical, prospective, single-center, national trial. open and randomized at 1: 1 to compare the rate of bacteremia associated between non-tunneled Central venous catheter and peripheral inserted central catheter.

This study evaluates safety and tolerability of endolysin-derived LSVT-1701 (tonabacase) as an add-on to standard of care (SOC) antibiotic therapy for the treatment of patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), including left- and right-sided infective endocarditis (IE).

Catheter infections and dysfunctions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in haemodialysis patients. According to the US Renal Data System, infection is the second leading cause of death in dialysis patients and the leading cause of catheter removal and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease. There is evidence that catheter lock solutions containing taurolidine reduce the risk of catheter related infections and improve catheter patency. Lock solutions have a local, but no systemic effect. In this study a taurolidine based lock regimen (TauroLock™-Hep500, Tauropharm, Waldbüttelbrunn, Germany, 2x/week and TauroLock™-U25.000, Tauropharm, Waldbüttelbrunn, Germany, 1x/ week) will be compared to 4% citrate (CitraFlow™ 4%, MedXL, Montreal, Canada, 3x/week) as standard lock solution. The objective of this study is to evaluate if a TauroLock™ based regimen to lock tunneled haemodialysis catheters has reducing effects on catheter related blood stream infections and catheter dysfunctions.

To evaluate the efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% alcohol compared with 10% povidone iodine in reducing blood culture contamination in pediatric patients.

The purpose of this study is to establish the tolerability of treatment with human lactoferrin 1-11 peptide (hLF1-11) administered intravenously as a single dose given for 10 consecutive days, to patients with bacteremia due to staphylococcus epidermidis.

False positive blood culture results due to specimen contamination with bacteria inhabiting patients' skin is a common problem in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Contaminated blood cultures lead to patient harm through unnecessary hospitalizations and ED visits, delays in surgery, unneeded antibiotics, and unnecessary procedures. The investigators have developed a multifaceted quality improvement improvement bundle (The Blood Culture QI Program) designed to minimize blood culture contamination in the ED. In this study, the investigators will implement the quality improvement bundle in six community hospital EDs and evaluate its effectiveness at reducing contamination.

The study investigates whether Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and continuous infusion (CI) of beta-lactam antibiotics optimises target concentrations in patients with bacteraemia.

In modern-day medicine, the use of central venous catheters has become unavoidable. However, their use does not come without risk. It puts patients in danger of infectious complications (catheter-related infections [CRI]), the most important of which is catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). CRBSI is associated with a significant increase in hospital stay and, therefore, cost of patient management, morbidity, and probably also mortality. There still is an urgent need for effective, cheap and easy to implement measures to prevent CRI that are without risk of developing antibiotic resistance. During use, bacteria can colonize the inner surface of the catheter. This endoluminal route of infection can be prevented to some extent when an antibiotic solution is instilled in the catheter for a long enough time and on a regular basis. However, to avoid resistance from occurring, the use of antibiotics for infection prevention should remain exceptional. The use of a non-toxic antiseptic might be a better alternative. Recently, the use of an alcohol lock solution was suggested as a promising way to prevent CRBSI and the compatibility of polyurethane and silicone catheters submerged in an alcohol solution was publicized with no biomechanical or structural changes detected after 9 weeks of immersion. The major advantage of an alcohol lock solution would be the broad antimicrobial spectrum without the risk of compromising future antibiotic treatment as, in contrast to the use of an antibiotic lock, the development of antibiotic resistance is not of concern. Furthermore it would be cheap and universally available. In this randomised study, the efficacy of a 70% alcohol lock solution for the prevention of CRBSI will be compared with placebo when applied for 15 minutes per day.

Health-care-acquired infections are of tremendous importance for patients, especially catheter-associated infections. More than 40% of all bloodstream infections are associated with central venous catheters (CVC; catheters which are inserted into a large vein near the heart). Of all patients that acquire such an infection 1% to 5% die as a result from it. The insertion site is the main source of contamination and infection. In general, bacteria of the skin are the cause of infection, especially in short-term CVCs (10-14 days). Therefore it is necessary to efficiently disinfect the skin for the preparation and care of CVC insertion sites. Several substances are used for disinfection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are mainly used in Central Europe, other preparations contain povidine-iodine or chlorhexidine. Alcoholic disinfectants have a rapid initial effect, chlorhexidine shows an additional remanent (longer lasting) effect. A further substance, octenidine dihydrochloride, also demonstrated a remanent effect in a pilot study with neurosurgical patients. The purpose of our study is to compare an alcohol-based disinfectant containing octenidine dihydrochloride with a pure alcoholic disinfectant regarding efficacy and tolerability in patients receiving a CVC for a minimum of 5 days.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic dosage with amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX-CLV), and a combination of amoxicillin-clavulanate and a chlorhexidine mouthwash (AMX-CLV-CHX) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions. The study hypothesis is that an antimicrobial regimen with amoxicillin-clavulanate will show higher effectiveness in reducing the prevalence and duration of bacteremia following dental extractions, than that achieved with the classical amoxicillin regimen.