Active clinical trials for "Bacterial Infections"

Acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURI) is common in children, and viral infection is the main cause. However, several children with viral infection are easy to suffer from secondary bacterial infection, and the mechanism is unclear.

In patients with SARS-CoV-2 or bacterial infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), the state of the intravascular volume, the characteristics of the blood volume components, and the development of a vascular leak is currently unknown. The relationship of these parameters with parameters of cardiac performance, lung edema and sublingual microcirculatory perfusion parameters have never been studied.

This is a randomized controlled clinical study evaluating the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to improve antibiotic prescribing before ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Preoperative biliary drainage predisposes the bile to be contaminated with bacteria of the duodenum. These bacteria colonizing the bile are a potential source for surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy and many international guidelines recommend the use of cephalosporines as microbial prophylaxis before surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of bacteria in bile, their resistance profiles and association to surgical site infections in relation to timing of surgery after preoperative biliary drainage in order to better guide antibiotic use.

The pharmacokinetics of flucloxacillin are expected to be different in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. The investigators will determine total and free flucloxacillin concentrations in 30 ICU patients, who will get continuous (n=10) or intermittent infusion (n=20) of flucloxacillin as standard care. Full pharmacokinetic curves will be taken for individual patients on the intermittent dosing regimen and limited sampling will be taken for individual patients on the continuous dosing regimen on day 2 and 4.

This quality improvement study will assess the antimicrobial use and prescribing practices of hospital and community prescribers for the ambulatory hemodialysis (HD) population in an urban academic outpatient HD unit in Ontario. Currently, in the outpatient HD unit at Toronto General Hospital (TGH), it is the standard of care for the patients to be screened on a weekly basis by the nephrology care team for the use of any oral or intravenous antimicrobials. Patient charts, pharmacy patient profiles and electronic medical records for these patients from September 1 2016 - April 30 2017 will be retrospectively reviewed in order to characterize antimicrobial use and its concordance with available clinical guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship principles described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The primary objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial use in an ambulatory HD population. The secondary objective of the study is to determine the congruence of prescribed antimicrobial regimens with available clinical guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship principles described by the CDC. It is hypothesized that antimicrobial use among HD patients will be common and that antimicrobial prescribing practices are not congruent with recommendations from published clinical guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship principles for a significant proportion of patients included in the retrospective review. Descriptive analysis of the data will summarize the findings. Future research will build upon the results of this project, and may include the development of interventions that target gaps in knowledge and prescribing behaviours of prescribers who provide care to the ambulatory HD population.

Severe malaria and bacterial Blood Stream Infections (bBSI) are impossible to differentiate clinically. This poses a particular threat in low resource areas, where bBSI is often not diagnosed due to the unavailability of rapid diagnostic means. Even if used appropriately, the sensitivity of blood culture to diagnose bBSI is estimated to be around 50%. To counter the high mortality rate associated with bBSI, antibiotics are often prescribed without microbiological confirmation. Sysmex Company has developed technology that enables the rapid diagnosis of malaria using a venous blood sample. In addition algorithms based on hematological parameters can be used to monitor disease severity and progression, as well as guide further diagnostic testing based on differences seen in these parameters between various types of disease. The algorithms have been developed and tested in adult populations from different industrialized countries and in one Asian population. However no data are available neither from pediatric patients, nor from the sub-Saharan setting where the epidemiology of infectious diseases is very different from the tested settings. The objective of the study is to: 1) Assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Sysmex hematology analyzer based on the new technology to diagnose malaria in subjects older than 3 months, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa 2) Test and optimize the value of Sysmex analyzers in disease diagnosis and monitoring in children older than 5 years and adults, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic region in sub-Saharan Africa, to differentiate between severe malaria and bBSI, or a combination of these infections. 3) Explore the value of Sysmex analyzers in disease diagnosis and monitoring in children between 3 months and 5 years of age, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic region in sub-Saharan Africa.

This is a study of up to 275 participants from birth to 12 months who are having a chest x-ray while a patient at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Participants will have thermal pictures of their chest taken by trained study staff using a Smartphone and a FLIR ONE attachment. Thermal images will be read by trained study staff to determine if bacterial pneumonia is present. Results of the thermal images will then be compared to the results of the chest X-ray. If additional images of the chest are available, additional thermal images will be taken of the same location within 24 hours of the other image.

This proposed study aims to document the risk factors for quinolone resistance in bloodstream isolates of E. coli. Additionally, the adequacy of empiric antibiotic therapy for E. coli bloodstream infections will be assessed. Finally, outcome will be recorded - this is all-cause mortality at 28 days from the time of the first positive blood culture. Hypothesis: Ciprofloxacin resistant strains are associated with admission from nursing home and with prior quinolone use.

Helicobacter pylori is closely related with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric MALT lymphoma, and it may participate in a variety of parenteral diseases. Infection rates of Helicobacter pylori is still high, so effectively eradication is necessary. At present, the eradication therapy has achieved very good curative effect. However, relapse after eradication is unoptimistic. This study has made an analysis for reinfection after eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection include the retrospective and prospective studies, aims to explore the epidemiological data and related risk factors of Hp reinfection in China.