Active clinical trials for "Body Weight"

The objective of this study is to evaluate the initial safety and preliminary effectiveness of the Obalon intragastric balloon system in European subjects with a BMI in the range of 27 - 35 kg/m^2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ADC value of diffusion weighted MRI in comparison of conventional treatment assessment criteria in evaluation of chemotherapy. Moreover, the investigators aim to clarify the correlation of ADC value with histologic type and grade of lung cancer and survival of patients.

Whole body diffusion-weighted imaging is a functional magnetic resonance imaging technique that characterizes tissue by probing changes in water diffusion secondary to differences in the tissue microstructure. These changes in water diffusion result in differences in signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images that are quantified with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In malignant lesions, the extravascular extracellular space (EES) will be diminished, due to the increased number of cells. This will restrict water diffusion, identified by increased signal intensity (SI) on native diffusion-weighted images and low ADC. Contrary, in tissue with low cellularity, like benign lesions and treatment induced necrosis, the EES will be enlarged due to the lower density of cells, or in case of necrosis, the complete absence of cellular organization. This will facilitate water diffusion, leading to absent SI on native diffusion-weighted images and high ADC. The purpose of this study is to image anatomy and lymph nodes in healthy volunteers with whole body diffusion-weighted imaging. This way maps of normal anatomy can be created on the whole body diffusion-weighted images which can be used as a reference in further studies with patients scanned with the same whole body diffusion-weighted imaging scan protocol. A group of 30 healthy volunteers will receive a whole body diffusion-weighted imaging scan on a 3 Tesla T-MRI system. A total scan session will take about 30 minutes. Contrast administration is not required and patients will not be exposed to radiation.

NCDs are observed mostly in adults, however there is strong evidence that suggests NCDs origin early in life, thus the first 1000 days of life (conception to age 2yrs). Studies show that maternal BMI before conception and during pregnancy predict future risk of obesity and associated metabolic conditions in both mother and offspring. Weight gain during the first two years of life is also critical in defining the infant's predisposition to obesity during adulthood. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of delivering a primary health care intervention to enhance compliance with updated nutrition and health care (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) standards from early pregnancy through the first year of life. Methods: cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), designed as a public health intervention "program effectiveness" study (i.e. intervention will be available through the established national health system under standard operating conditions). A cluster unit will be a primary health care centers (PHCC) in South-East Santiago 12 PHCC will be randomly allocated to: enhanced nutrition and health care (intervention group) or routine nutrition and health care (control group).We will recruit 200 women in each of 12 PHCC; assuming a 20% loss to f-up we will complete 960 women per arm. After randomization, pregnant women in the intervention PHCCs starting at their first pre-natal visit (< 15 wks.) will receive, diet and physical activity (PA) counseling-support based on updated recommendations and monitoring goals for weight gain & glycemic control and breastfeeding (BF) promotion till 12 m postpartum. Pregnant women who attend control PHCCs will receive routine antenatal care according to national guidelines. Expected results: participants in the intervention PHCCs will benefit by achieving adequate nutritional status & metabolic control, during and early after, pregnancy as well as adequate infant growth & development as a result of improved nutrition and health care practices. The results will likely be generalizable through the primary health care system; considering this is a "program effectiveness" trial conducted under "real life" conditions . Additionally, we will include specific ancillary mechanistic projects to better characterize the intervention and its impact.

Studies have shown that patients who weigh more at the time of cancer diagnosis may be at increased risk of complications from surgery, fatigue, poor body image and other problems. Some research suggests that losing weight after cancer diagnosis can lead to improvements in these problems, as well as having other potential benefits for cancer survivors. Programs that reduce calories and increase exercise have been shown to help cancer survivors lose weight, but more research is needed to develop and test weight loss programs in cancer survivors. This study is designed to look at the ability of a 15-week diet and exercise program to help cancer survivors lose weight. The investigator will look at changes in weight, body composition, quality of life, fatigue, body image as well as diet and exercise patterns, to see if this program can help men and women feel better and live healthier lives after cancer diagnosis.

In this observational pilot project, the investigators plan to document duration and sources of exposure to plasticizers in infants born at birth weights less than 1500 grams. The investigators will examine the association between exposure to plasticizers and outcomes such as performance on a neurological screening tool, extrauterine growth, and thyroid function.

There is current interest in the role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, cancer and neurological disease. The majority of vitamin D in the UK comes from the action of sunlight on skin, and very little from dietary sources. Half of the adult United Kingdom (UK) population have vitamin D insufficiency (according to the Institute of Medicine definition). There are still several important unknowns, including what the optimum levels of vitamin D are, and whether the same intake of vitamin D is appropriate for all sections of the population. Low 25(OH)D and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been observed in people with high adiposity (obesity), and the summer rise in vitamin D is blunted in obesity. The potential causes of low 25(OH)D levels include an inadequate supply of vitamin D (by reduced sunlight exposure or poor nutrition), the large pool size of adipose tissue or increased metabolic clearance rate. The investigators will measure metabolites of vitamin D and the kinetics of 25(OH)D using stable isotope techniques in lean, overweight and obese men, women and children to establish whether age, gender and obesity affect vitamin D metabolism and clearance rate. If low 25(OH)D in obesity is related to poorer skeletal health and is due to increased clearance of 25(OH)D or large pool size, then total requirements, and hence supplementation requirements, would be larger for obese people than for lean people.

The study is being conducted to develop an intervention to assess the feasibility of implementing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) for low birth weight (LBW) and preterm babies in a community setting. A prototype intervention package will be developed using information obtained from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and other qualitative research techniques. These interviews will help us identify current behaviours, barriers to adoption of KMC and effective ways to promote KMC in the community. The prototype intervention will be refined by conducting acceptability studies (household trials) with few mothers. The study team are identifying LBW and preterm infants, demonstrating to mothers how to practice KMC and following up till KMC is stopped. The process is being documented using observations and interviews. Information is obtained on acceptability of KMC, number of hours per day and number of days KMC was given, breastfeeding practices and support provided by other family members.

This study evaluates the effects of dietary fatty acid composition from high fat meals on markers of hunger, satiety and metabolism.

Evaluation of metabolic profile of users of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives during five years follow-up