Active clinical trials for "Esophageal Neoplasms"

Cancers of the upper gastro-intestinal tract, including esophagus (gullet), stomach and small bowel, are amongst the deadliest malignancies. The main reason for their high mortality rate is that they are usually diagnosed late when curative treatments are no longer effective. However, these types of cancer generally arise from well-described pre-cancerous diseases, such as Barrett's esophagus and gastric intestinal metaplasia. This provides an opportunity for clinicians to detect these pre-cancerous conditions early and offer adequate cure or clinical monitoring before they progress to cancer. A camera test (gastroscopy) is the gold-standard test to detect pre-cancerous diseases in these organs. There has been limited research to set the standards for performance of a gastroscopy, especially with regards to diagnosis of pre-cancerous conditions, which require knowledge and skills by the physician performing the test (endoscopist). Therefore, the hypothesis behind this study is that the aforementioned pre-cancerous diseases are understudied and often go undetected. This study aims to understand how often endoscopists should diagnose these pre-cancerous diseases on routine gastroscopy and help define the standards to measure performance. The investigators will assess the following rates: i. how often endoscopists diagnose these pre-cancerous lesions during endoscopy; ii. How often these conditions are diagnosed on biopsies taken according to a standardized protocol; iii. How often these condition should have been diagnosed by the endoscopists based on the review of pictures by expert endoscopists. The investigators will also compare the rates of correct diagnosis by endoscopists with different levels of experience and based on the times spent to complete the diagnostic test. Investigating these aspects will enhance the understanding of the medical community with regards to the diagnosis of these pre-cancerous lesions and set endoscopy standards to improve their early detection and treatment before they progress to cancer. This will translate to improved cancer prevention and benefit for patients.

Real World Data (RWD) obtained from real clinical sites is data obtained after administering a drug to patients with different characteristics in daily practice, and Real World Evidence (RWE) is established based on RWD. It is possible to overcome the disadvantage of RCT, which cannot reflect all the various variables in the actual clinical field as it is conducted for only subset of patients. Researchers planned to prospectively collect RWD of ramucirumab/paclitaxel combination therapy as 2nd-line chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Esophageal carcinoma is a lethal disease, causing more than 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. Primary surgery results in microscopically positive resection margins (R1) in 25% patients, and the 5-year overall survival(OS) for such patients rarely exceeds 40%. Concurrent chemoradiation followed by surgery results in better survival than single-modality treatments, and thus National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN) recommends concurrent chemoradiation as preoperative or definitive treatment for patients with stage II or III esophageal cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemoradiation may not be effective in some subgroup of these patients, and its toxicity can increase perioperative mortality and delay or preclude surgery. The ability to distinguish tumors that will respond or not respond to such therapy remains an urgent priority. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DW-MRI) is based on the extent of mobility of water protons, as quantified by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The ADC is a measure of the extent of free diffusion of water molecules within tissues, which is mainly influenced by cell organization, size, and density. Cell death leads to a loss of cell membrane integrity and density and leads to increases in ADC values. The ADC has emerged as a potential biomarker of response to cancer therapy. However, no one has published findings regarding the potential correlation between changes in ADC and response of esophageal cancer to chemoradiation. Clarifying the potential predictive value of DW-MRI for predicting response to such therapy is important for the delivery of appropriately tailored treatment. Investigators hypothesized that DW-MRI can predict the success (or failure) of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）, hence identify patients at high risk of treatment failure from such therapy. Investigators will test this hypothesis with two specific aims: (1) assess the ability of ADC to predict pathologic response to treatment; and (2) assess the ability of ADC to predict disease-free survival and overall survival.

Tumor is the primary public health problem and the incidence of esophageal cancer showed the increasing trend in the past thirty years. According to the statistics in 2015, the new onset of esophageal cancer is about 477,900 yearly. The mainly pathologic type of esophageal cancer in China is esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, which accounts for more than 90% of patients in China. With the development of endoscopic technics, more and more patients choose to receive the endoscopic procedure rather than traditional surgery. However, the long-term efficacy and outcomes of patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma received different interventions remained unclear. Thus, investigators aim to conduct a multi-center retrospective study to investigate the long term outcomes of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving endoscopic treatment and surgery.

To evaluate the effect of concomitant late course accelerated hyperfractionation radiochemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin in patients with esophagus cancer

This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET in the initial staging, therapy planning, and therapeutic response monitoring for esophageal cancer patients. Purpose: The incremental staging information by using 18F-FDG PET The impact of the PET results on the patients' subsequent therapy planning To compare treatment response using RECIST criteria and FDG PET results.

It is well known that there is a considerable postoperative weight loss in patients undergoing esophageal resection for cancer. We believe that this weigh loss can be limited by administering postoperative enteral feeding (target: 1000 kCal/ day) via feeding jejunostomy for at least 6 weeks postoperatively. We hypothesize that patients undergoing esophageal resection for cancer will have a better overall survival with postoperative additional enteral feeding than when on regular oral diet alone.

RATIONALE: Studying samples of blood from patients with cancer in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in DNA and identify biomarkers related to cancer. PURPOSE: This study is looking at genetic susceptibility to cancer and interactions between genes and the environment in patients with cancer in East Anglia, Trent, or West Midlands of the United Kingdom.

RATIONALE: Collecting and storing samples of tissue, blood, and saliva from patients with cancer to test in the laboratory may help the study of cancer in the future. PURPOSE: This research study is collecting blood and tissue samples from patients with stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, or gastroesophageal junction cancer, studying them in the laboratory, and storing them for future studies.

Knowledge of the impact of gene expression profiling could allow optimisation of chemotherapy regimens for individual patients. It could ensure that patients do not receive a particular form of chemotherapy if it is unlikely to benefit them, and in these circumstances an alternative form of chemotherapy that may prove beneficial could be selected. This information will therefore allow chemotherapy to be tailored to the individual tumour. It may help identify those patients with a poorer prognosis who could be selected for further therapy post surgery or a different treatment strategy at the outset.